Karmen-Giuffrida detector

The alkah flame detector had a short but turbulent history (20), Just how short is a matter of some controversy. The question, in a nutshell, is whether the so-called leak detector (21) and the so-called thermionic detector owe their function to the same mechanism. The choice of the word alkah-flame in this paper is simply one of convenience. Giuffrida termed her discovery a "thermionic detector (22), It has also been called "Karmen-Giuffrida detector, "phosphorus detector, and "alkali-sensitized flame detector. The term "thermionic, I think, carries mechanistic overtones, and there is little definite knowledge on the mechanism of this detector. "Phosphorus detector describes its most prominent feature but implies too narrow a range of apphcation. "Alkali flame, on the other hand, is a broad, innocuous, and unobtrusive term. There exists, incidentally, one other detector which uses an alkali flame. It monitors changes in alkah emission and flame conductivity (6). 

Another potentially valuable but largely unexploited characteristic of the alkali flame detector is its linear response to the amount of heteroatom introduced into the flame. There has been some controversy in the literature on this point. Cremer (58), Karmen (57), Giuffrida (53), and others hold that the response is linear for the elements they investigated. 

When this detector was invented by Karmen and Giuffrida in 1964 [26] it was known as the alkali flame ionization detector (AFID) because it consisted of an FID to which was added a bead of an alkali metal salt. As it has continued to evolve, its name has also changed and it has been known as a thermionic ionization detector (TID), a flame thermionic detector (FTD), a thermionic specific detector (TSD), etc. 

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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ ]

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