Jurisdiction coastal state

In the following we take a closer look first at the state s safety management, then at the operator s and finally at the interaction between the two. Bnt first we look briefly into the issue of jurisdiction What is the jurisdictional competence of the coastal state outside of its own territory ... 

The continental shelf is located outside the boundaries of national territory and territorial waters. Consequently, the coastal state needs a specific basis in rules of international law in order to exercise jurisdictional powers over the continental shelf and the activities taking place there. We will not delve into these issues in general, but illustrate their link to safety regulation by looking briefly into the issue of jurisdiction over floating devices employed in offshore petroleum activities. 

Th is question is relevant for several issues other than safety regulation, for example, employment, insurance, tax, liability for tort, and so forth. In most of these other matters, the coastal state (here Norway) cannot exercise any jurisdiction over a foreign vessel operating in connection with petrolenm exploration and exploitation off its... 

In practice, the alternatives are not no or total coastal state jurisdiction. Rather, the issue is which aspects (activities, operations, physical arrangements, qualifications etc.) on board the mobile facility should be subject to what kind of jurisdiction. This follows from the key wording of UNCLOS art. 77 ...sovereign rights for the purpose of exploring it and exploiting... . 

In other words, even if a state takes the position of both a flag state and a coastal state in relation to the same vessel, the choice between jurisdictional hats may pose challenges. 

Under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea treaty (UNCLOS), artificial islands have little legal recognition. Such islands are not considered harbor works (Article 11) and are under the jurisdiction of the nearest coastal state if within 200 nautical miles (370 km) (Article 56). Artificial islands are not considered islands... 

Floating-city states may grow up under a patron coastal state, enjoying the jurisdictional immunities of the high seas, free from the restrictions placed on citizens living on land. As floating-city states find economic niches in which their services become important to other... 

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