Jupiter/Pluto

Alkanes have the general molecular- formula C H2 +2- The simplest one, methane (CH4), is also the most abundant. Large fflnounts are present in our atmosphere, in the ground, and in the oceans. Methane has been found on Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto, and even on Halley s Comet. 

Our solar system consists of the Sun, the planets and their moon satellites, asteroids (small planets), comets, and meteorites. The planets are generally divided into two categories Earth-like (terrestrial) planets—Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars and Giant planets—Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Little is known about Pluto, the most remote planet from Earth. 

The gas giant planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. The planet Pluto has a status of its own, and has recently been renamed a dwarf planet. 

The density estimates in Table 7.1 show a distinction between the structures of the planets, with Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars all having mean densities consistent with a rocky internal structure. The Earth-like nature of their composition, orbital periods and distance from the Sun enable these to be classified as the terrestrial planets. Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus have very low densities and are simple gas giants, perhaps with a very small rocky core. Neptune and Pluto clearly contain more dense materials, perhaps a mixture of gas, rock and ice. 

More precisely, the Sun is about 150 million kilometers (93 million miles) away from Earth, on average. Astronomers call this distance an astronomical unitor AU. As a comparison, the average distance between Jupiter and the Sun is about 5.2 AU, and the average distance between Pluto and the Sun is about 40 AU. ... 

Figure 5.5 Winds in the solar nebula might be one of the possible processes responsible for the mixing of hot and cold components found in both meteorites and comets. Meteorites contain calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs, formed at about 2000 K) and chondrules (formed at about 1650K), which may have been created near the proto-Sun and then blown (gray arrows) several astronomical units away, into the region of the asteroids between Mars and Jupiter, where they were embedded in a matrix of temperature-sensitive, carbon-based cold components. The hot component in comets, tiny grains of annealed silicate dust (olivine) is vaporized at about 1600 K, suggesting that it never reached the innermost region of the disk before it was transported (white arrows) out beyond the orbit of Pluto, where it was mixed with ices and some unheated silicate dust ( cold components). Vigorous convection in the accretion disk may have contributed to the transport of many materials and has been dramatically confirmed by the Stardust mission (Nuth 2001).

The chemical dynamics, reactivity, and stability of carbon-centered radicals play an important role in understanding the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), their hydrogen-dehcient precursor molecules, and carbonaceous nanostructures from the bottom up in extreme environments. These range from high-temperature combustion flames (up to a few 1000 K) and chemical vapor deposition of diamonds to more exotic, extraterrestrial settings such as low-temperature (30-200 K), hydrocarbon-rich atmospheres of planets and their moons such as Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto, and Titan, as well as cold molecular clouds holding temperatures as low as 10... 

Solid N2, CH4, H2O, and CO have been found on Triton and Pluto, witli additional CO2 on Triton. The molecule N2 dominates both surfaces, and other molecules are trapped in an N2 matrix. The only molecule identified on Charon is H2O. Surface compositions of these two bodies are quite different from those of satellites of Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus. The compositional relationsliip of Triton and Pluto to that of tlie Edgeworth-Kuiper belt objects, and to tlie comets, is still unclear. 

C4H2 isomers are of great interest to astronomers because some of these molecules occur in the atmospheres of Titan [74] (and references therein), Jupiter [75] (and references therein), possibly Pluto [76] in a comet [77], and in circumstellar and interstellar media [42,78-80]. Quantum chemical treatments of the 18 possible constructs, which included branched open constructs, produced 10 molecules of which four were open and six were cyclical. All have singlet ground states. Several investigators have synthesized 4Ol(s) in the gas phase and in solvents. Goldberg et al. [81] have synthesized 4O2(s) in the gas phase. 

Body Sun Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Pluto... 

The solar system is sometimes divided into two parts consisting of the inner planets—Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars—and the outer planets—Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and, until recently, Pluto. One might imagine that understanding the chemical and physical properties of the inner planets would help in understanding the chemical and physical properties of the outer planets. No such luck. The two groups of planets differ from each other in some fundamental and important ways. 

Researchers have learned a vast amount of new information about Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto and the Kuiper Belt Objects in the last century. Improved terrestrial telescopes, the Hubble Space Telescope, and space explorations such as Voyager 1 and 2, Galileo, and Cassini have produced new data that will take astrochemists years to analyze and interpret, providing them with even more detailed information about the chemical composition of the atmospheres, satellites, surfaces, and other features of the outer planets and their associated bodies. 

The chapters in this part help fill in those blanks. Chapter 8 illuminates the Moon and the Nodes of the Moon in all 12 signs. Chapters 9 and 10 discuss Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto — plus the asteroid Chiron, which was discovered in 1977 and is now routinely included in horoscopes by many astrologers. Chapter 11 talks about the Ascendant, and Chapter 12 describes the influence of the planets in each of the houses. Finally, Chapter 13 looks at the way the planets interact by analyzing the aspects, or geometrical relationships, that link them together. 

In Chapters 16, 17, and 18,1 tell you how to squeeze the maximum benefit out of astrology. Chapter 16 explains how the current positions of Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto affect you — and what you can look forward to in the future. 

The sign that the Sun occupied at the moment of your birth is the most basic astrological fact about you. It defines your ego, motivations, needs, and approach to life. But the Sun isn t the only planet that affects you. (For astrological purposes, both luminaries — the Sun and the Moon — are called planets. Do yourself a favor and don t use this terminology when talking to astronomers.) Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Chiron, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto, not to mention the Moon, represent distinct types of energy that express themselves in the style of the sign they re in. 

I consider the planets in this order first the Sun and Moon, then the planets in order of their distance from the Sun Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. When looking up an aspect, be sure to look for it under the planet that comes first in the list. An aspect between Mercury and Uranus, for example, appears under Mercury an opposition between Venus and Pluto is discussed under Venus, and so on. 

Jupiter brings opportunities and expands whatever it touches — the good and the bad alike. Pluto represents the journey inward and the power of transformation. 

Pluto conjunct Jupiter Expand the boundaries of your life, and you can utterly transform it. Opportunities pop up through education, travel, religion, or the law. 

I don t want to suggest that Mars is the only planet that affects athletic ability. A well-placed Sun gives vitality. Mercury lends quickness. Jupiter, Uranus, and Pluto confer power. Athleticism, like other talents, is an amalgamation of many factors. 

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