Judicial Selection Initiative

Institute for the Advancement of the American Legal System, O Connor Judicial Selection Initiative, available at http //www.du.edu/legalinstitute/judicial selection. html. 

Surface organometallic chemistry (SOMC) has shown high potential for the preparation of supported metal catalysts with desired composition and good dispersion [3]. For example, the controlled hydrogenolysis of tetra-n-butyltin (Sn(/i-C4H9)4) on the surface of group VIII metals leads to well-defined bimetallic catalysts [3-6]. In SOMC on metal supported on oxide, judicious selection of reaction conditions (temperature, initial complex concentration etc.) allows the reaction to occur preferentially between organometallic complexes and metal surface [3,5,6]. 

An essential step in an efficient natural product drug discovery program is the judicious selection of an initial screening strategy. The in vitro methods available for anticancer drug discovery can be grouped into two major categories. These are the... 

The judicious selection of an ionization method is a very important step toward a successful analysis. Indeed, mass spectrometric results should always be described with reference to the ion source employed. The choice of an ionization method may also depend on other factors, such as the molecular mass and polarity of the canpound and whetha GC or LC is being used for the initial separation of the constituents of mixtures. It is emphasized that mass spectra are usually reproducible when experimental parametas are duplicated. The consequence of the wide variety of choices of techniques and strategies available is that in mass spectrometry, compared with other spectroscopic techniques such as UV and infrared (IR), it is particularly important to be familiar with alternative instrument types, analytical techniques, aud operatiaial parameters. 

Due to the low strains involved in the calculation of initial modulus and the likelihood of eurvatuie of the force-elongation curve, the reported values will be subject to some degree of error. With judicious selection of the calculation parameters these errors ean be reduced, but differences will always exist between the values calculated by the different methods. The standard deviation for a series of specimens cut from a single sample should not exceed 5% for a given calculation method. Different ealeulation methods may provide values that are discrepant by 50% or more. 

Evans and coworkers have reported that cationic copper(II)-bis(oxazoline) complexes derived from ferf-leucine are effective Lewis acids for a wide range of enantioselective Diels-Alder reactions. While initial investigations employed cy-clopentadiene as the diene and triflate catalyst 31a (Scheme 24) as the Lewis acid [82], subsequent studies revealed that the reaction rate is strongly dependent on the counterion X [83]. The hexafluoroantimonate catalyst 31b is approximately 20 times more reactive than 31a and is typically more stereoselective. The heightened reactivity and selectivity conferred by catalyst 31b allows access to more substituted adducts in uniformly high enantioselectivity. The active catalyst is easily prepared and robust exposure to air is not deleterious and the reactions may be conducted in the presence of free hydroxy groups. However, reduction of the metal center can be problematic with electron-rich dienes this side reaction may be controlled by a judicious choice of temperature. 

A carrier molecule can have structure or binding sites that make it suitable to transport a specific ion or class of ions. Valinomycin, for example, binds univalent K+ ion to initiate the four-step carrier/ion cycle. A class of macro-cyclic molecules, the crown ethers, absorbs ions into the central cavity of their crown-like structure to produce the membrane-soluble ion complexes. Special ionophores like lasalocid and A23187 with judiciously placed carboxyl groups are selective for polyvalent ions such as Ca (II) or lanthanide ions like Eu (III). The ionophore wraps around the ion as the carboxyl groups bind to produce the membrane soluble complex ion. 

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