Joint ownership

Joint Ownership. Joint ownership of copyright occurs when there is joint authorship, but it may also occur in other ways, for example, by transfer of a copyright to two or more individuals, such as when an author bequeaths a copyright to two children. 

As is the case with other forms of property, joint ownership of copyright is legally termed a tenancy in common. Each joint owner is presumed to own an undivided proportional interest in the entire work for example, if there are three joint owners, each is presumed to own one-third of the entire work. 

In the case of joint ownership of works, where the joint owners are treated as tenants in common, each co-owner may only transfer his or her own interest in the copyright and not the co-owner s interest. Thus a co-owner may not grant an exclusive Hcense, which constitutes a transfer of copyright ownership, without the co-owner s permission. However, any co-owner may grant a nonexclusive Hcense to use the copyright without the co-owner s permission. In this case, the co-owner granting the Hcense must account to all other co-owners for their proportional shares of any profits realized by the nonexclusive Hcense. 

Example 1.—Two persons X and Y jointly own an object worth 3. Because joint ownership invites trouble, they decided to make sealed bids (each person s bid is not known to the other) for its possession. The one who bids higher gets the object, but he has to pay a compensation to the other person, equal to the latter s bid. They decide that each can bid, 0,1, 2, 3, or 4 dollars, and if both bids are the same they will sell the object for 3 and share the money equally. Neither blows what the other one will bid, and they both resort to game theory for advice on how much to bid. 

Show possession in the last word when using names of organizations and businesses, in hyphenated words, and in joint ownership ... 

Continuous payment of the patenting expenses by the company will ensure that the industrial partner of such an agreement does not lose interest in the project but nevertheless keeps the patent. As an alternative joint ownership of the patent can be negotiated. Provisions may be included in an agreement to the effect that the licence of the patent shall be terminated if the company does not wish to exercise these rights or does not exert serious efforts to develop or market the invention. 

The Court of Customs and Patent Appeals has enunciated this doctrine despite the protests of some of its judges that there is a commercieil market for new chemical compovmds, intermediates and processes to test whether they have commercial uses. See In re Kirk, 376 F.2d 936, 947-68 (Rich, Smith, J.J., dissenting). Inventors or companies that want to market such new products to others for further investigation while keeping the products proprietary must rely on the law of trade secrets. Splitting work on a new product this way can lead to joint ownership of a patent that may ultimately issue on it between the person who first invented the compound or process and the person who found a use for it. 

Issue 3 Joint ownership of value-based outcomes. In the... 

Before getting into these areas, a brief historical perspechve is instructive. Joint ownership of generating plants is not new. For many years, utilities have pooled their capital, built fossil and nuclear generating plants, and appointed one utility the owner-operator. This worked well when all owners shared in the benefits, costs, and risks in proportion to their plant ownership. 

One of the Japanese business structures that has received interest from Western business is the keiretsu. Keiretsu is a term used to describe Japanese business consortia based on cooperation, coordination, joint ownership and control. 

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