JmjC family

The JmjC Family )umonji-C Domain Containing Proteins... 

Figure 5.S Lysine demethylation by the oxygenases of the JmJC family.

Two main families of histone demethylases have been identified. The LSD family (EC number 1.14.1 l.Bl) employs a monoamine oxidase mechanism to oxidise methyllysine to an imine (with concomitant reduction of FAD to FADH2), followed by addition of water to give a hemiaminal intermediate, which fragments to achieve demethylation. The JmjC family (EC number... 

Tsukada Y, Fang J, Erdjument-Bromage H, Warren ME, Borchers CH, Tempst P, Zhang Y (2006) Histone demethylation by a family of JmjC domain-containing proteins. Nature 439 811-816 van Holde K, Yager T (2003) Models for chromatin remodeling a critical comparison. Biochem Cell Biol 81 169-172... 

A large number of histone lysine methylation sites have been characterized, showing that the trimethylated state is prevalent. Given that LSDl demethylates only mono- and dimethylated lysine substrates, it seemed likely that additional enzymes would catalyze such a reaction. Indeed, the recent discovery of proteins that harbor a JmjC domain and have demethylase activity revealed a novel family of enzymes that also contain other domains associated with chromatin remodeling. 

The JmjC-containing histone demethylase (JHDM) family encompasses seven sub-families that comprise approximately 20 members in humans [76, 91, 95]. 

Figure 13.5 The human Jumonji C family. Phylogenetic tree of the human JmjC domain containing proteins modified from Cloos et al. [3]. The domain structures of the proteins are indicated. The clusters for which histone lysine demethylase activity have been published are shown in gray. See text for details and references, jumonji C domain (JmjC) Jumonji...

Tsukada, Y, Fang, J., Erdjument-Bromage, H., Warren, M.E., Borchers, C.H., Tempst, P. and Zhang, Y. (2006) Histone demefhylation by a family of JmjC domain-containing proteins. Nature, 439, 811-816. 

Pfau, R., Tzatsos, A., Kampranis, S.C., Serebrennikova, O.B., Bear, S.E. and Tsichlis, P.N. (2008) Members of a family of JmjC domain-containing oncoproteins immortalize embryonic fibroblasts via a JmjC domain-dependent process. 

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