Java Man

Gigantpithecus or the Yeti Snowman split from Sivapithecus about five million years ago in Asia. By one million years ago Java Man emerged as the Proto-Peking man. 

Sangiran or the Peking Man in Java followed Java Man. This occurred between two hundred and fifty thousand and five hundred... 

Homo erectus Many remains of this type have been found around the world. Pithecanthropus (Java man) and Sinanthropus (Peking man) both fall into this category. Homo erectus specimens are smaller than the average human today, with an appropriately smaller head and cranial cavity where the brain fits. However, the brain size is within the range of modern humans. Studies of the middie ear have shown that Homo erectus was just iike us. Remains have been found in the same strata and in close proximity to ordinary Homo sapiens (modern man), suggesting that they lived together. Studies have shown that brain size fluctuations within Homo sapiens seem to have no correlation to intellectuality, so Homo erectus would not have been the dumb, brute caveman that has been implied in the past. 

In the South Pacific, man-made debris was surveyed on 24 islands in the Thousand Island archipelago north of Java in 1985 (66). Polyethylene bags, footwear and polystyrene blocks comprised more than 90% of the 27,600 items. The main source of this debris is the dumping of rubbish and domestic and industrial waste directly into the sea at Jakarta. On New Zealand beaches, plastic litter was widely distributed and predominantly in the form of polyethylene and polypropylene beads. Near Auckland and Wellington concentrations exceeded 10,000 and 40,000 beads m of beach, and the unweathered appearance of the beads implied a nearby source (66). 

Boric acid was first prepared in 1702 by Willem Homberg. He was bom on January 8, 1652, at Batavia on the island of Java. When his father left the service of the Dutch East India Company, the family settled in Amsterdam, where young Wilhelm (or Willem) had a much better opportunity to study than in the torrid climate of the East Indies. After studying law at Jena and Leipzig, he was admitted to the bar in Magdeburg in 1674. Soon becoming more interested in the laws of nature than in those devised by man, he began to devote much time to botany, astronomy, and mechanics. 

The inspiration to this fundamental discovery came to Mayer on a voyage in the Tropics. While in Java he had occasion to bleed some patients, and was struck by the intense red colour of the venous blood. It occurred to him that the reduced combustion in the body must correspond to the reduction in the radiation of heat to the surroundings. As the mechanical work done by a man in the Tropics is about the same as in a, colder climate, it appeared to him that this constant amount of work required a constant amount of heat. Mayer generalised this qualitative result intuitively, and stated his conclusion explicitly in the form of the quantitative law which we have enunciated above, and showed, at the same time, what was then the only... 

The development of 4-aminoquinoline antimalarials owes its origin to World War II when the Allies were deprived of the supply of quinine (1) as a consequence of the Japanese occupation of Java, where cinchona was grown widely to produce quinine. To overcome this problem, a synthetic alternative, quinacrine (2) was developed, which was extensively used during the war to treat malaria in man. Neverthless, the need for a more effective and safer antimalarial was pressing. Examination of the structural frame-work of quinine (1) and quinacrine (2) revealed that the common feature in the two drugs is the presence of a 4-substituted quino-... 

Friedman-Hill, E., Jess in Action — Java Rule-Based Systems, 1st ed., Manning Publications Co., New York, 2003. 

The actual origin of beriberi was however discovered by the Dutchman Christiaan Eijk-man (1858-1930) at a military hospital of the Dutch colony of Java in 1896, and he thereby provided the basis ofvitaminology (Fig. 7.5). [5] He recognised that rice, as such, did not make the patients and staff ill, but polished rice , which had been mechanically freed from the rice bran. Eijkman suspected an indispensable nutrient in the rice bran, since it emerged that the bran, or extracts from it, cured beriberi. The chance observation, that chickens Gallusgallus domesticus) at the hospital (which were fed with polished rice, because their usual feed had run out) developed characteristic symptoms of a beriberi-like illness, led Eijkman to the conclusion, that poultry could also be taken iU with beriberi. Thus, for the first time, experimental researching into beriberi was possible. 

Ever since his first observations on polyneuritis gallinarum in 1890, Eijk-man was aware of the resemblance between this disease of fowls and human beriberi. Vorderman obtained more certainty for a common basis of these two diseases in 1896, when he established that in prisons in Java where poUshed rice was the staple diet beriberi was far more frequent than in prisons where unpolished rice was provided. 

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