Japan printed materials

Only a very limited number of standard methods are reported in which sublimation is an important aspect. These comprise an ASTM standard for measurement of sublimation from thermionic emitters, and two standards from Germany and Japan testing the stability of dyes and printing inks to sublimation. The first covers the determination of the quantity, rate, and identity of sublimed, evaporated, or sputtered materials, whilst the latter two are concerned with textile materials and semimanufactured products. 

On the occasion of the presentation of the Division of Polymer Chemistry Award to Dr. Maurice L. Huggins on November 24, 1980, a number of formal and informal events, which accompanied the award address published in this volume, occurred which added materially to the presentation and we hope tended to enhance the tradition of the award. These events included the presentation ceremonies, the introduction of the awardee, and a panel discussion involving questions and reminiscing about the awardee s career. A special flavor to the ceremony was derived by the presentation of a scroll signed by many of his polymer friends in Japan and an additional gift of a 200-year old Japanese wooden print to Dr. Huggins by the Society of Polymer Science, Japan. 

In 2005 CDT established a Joint Venture company, Sumation, with the Japanese Sumitomo company. Sumation, which started trading in mid-November 2005, supplies polymers and formulated inks for use in both development and commercial P-OLED display and lighting applications. It has a Tokyo HQ with research and development teams in both Japan and the UK. Production of polyflnorene and other polymer materials has been subcontracted to Sumitomo Chemical s Osaka plant. Earlier in 2005 Sumitomo had acquired the Lumation business, which was operating in the same sector, from the Dow Chemical Company. Sumitomo Chemical s parmership with Seiko Epson has resnlted in the first super bright OLED-based print head which, when used in printers, is capable of delivering results equal to or superior in quality to those from a laser printer. 

Xylenes are used inter alia as solvents, for example in the USA 180,000 t p.a. [13] and in Japan 90,000 t [33], particularly in the paint and printing ink industries (see also [5]). In eastern Europe it is also used for numerous applications in the shoe industry, o-xylene (besides naphthalene) is mainly oxidized to phthalic anhydride from which dyestuffs, phthalodinitrile and - by esterification with alcohols - plasticizers and raw materials for paints and varnishes are obtained [36, 38]. p-xylene is oxidized and processed with methanol to terephthalic acid dimethyl ester, from which polyesters are made [36, 38, 39]. For example, in 1972 2.9 million t polyester fibres were produced worldwide [39] and in 1979 more than 5 million t, which corresponds to 2.8 million t of p-xylene [30 a]. Polystyrene and copolymers (including expanded plastics) in particular are polymerized from styrene, and the world annual production of these products around 1975 was about 5 million t [39, 40],... 

---