Jacket, cooling heating

CONTINUOUS STIRRED TANK REACTOR REVERSIBLE REACTION AND JACKET COOLING HEAT AND TEMPERATURE EFFECTS WITH CP = F(T)... 

Gas-liquid CSTR with jacketed cooling/heating Fixed interlace CSTR Wetted wall Laminar jet... 

Gas-liquid-solid Slurry CSTR with jacketed cooling/heating Packed bed with downflow, upflow, or countercurrent... 

Convection. In these mixers an impeller operates within a static shell and particles are moved from one location to another within the bulk. bbon Tjpe. Spiral or other blade styles transfer materials from one end to the other or from both ends to the center for discharge (Fig. 37b). This mixer can be used for dry materials or pastes of heavy consistency. It can be jacketed for heating or cooling. Blades can be smoothly contoured and highly pohshed when cleanliness is an important process requirement. 

Processes that are essentially modifications of laboratory methods and that allow operation on a larger scale are used for commercial preparation of vinyhdene chloride polymers. The intended use dictates the polymer characteristics and, to some extent, the method of manufacture. Emulsion polymerization and suspension polymerization are the preferred industrial processes. Either process is carried out in a closed, stirred reactor, which should be glass-lined and jacketed for heating and cooling. The reactor must be purged of oxygen, and the water and monomer must be free of metallic impurities to prevent an adverse effect on the thermal stabiUty of the polymer. 

As in most jacket-cooled compressors, the cooling acts as a heat sink to stabilize the cylinder dimensionally. The jacket outlet temperature should be around 115 F and be controlled by an automatic temperature regulator if the load or the water inlet temperature are prone to change. 

An exception to the above are fatty acid methyl esters, which, due to the reaction mechanism involving molecular rearrangements with excess S03, have to be sulfonated at a slightly higher mole ratio of S03 to methyl esters (namely, 1.15-1.20/L). Outside the reaction tubes, in the reactor jacket, cooling water is circulated to control the liquid-film temperature and removing the reaction heat. 

The reactor is completely surrounded by a jacket for heating and cooling. 

An example of a low conversion reactor would be a conventionally agitated kettle with large turbine agitators and jacket cooling. The utility of this type of reactor can be extended to intermediate conversions by the use of anchor or helical agitators to partially overcome heat transfer and mixing problems at higher viscosities. 

Semi-batch reactor with heat production Feedback control of feed stream Jacket cooling... 

In a reactor which cannot be isolated from its venting system and which is equipped with a jacket for heating and cooling via an open water circuit the following exothermic reactions of the type... 

The reaction vessel is normally made of glass-hned stainless steel with a jacket for heating and cooling and consists of ... 

Let us consider the batch reactor modeled in Sec. 3.9 (Fig. 3.9). Steam is initially fed into the jacket to heat up the system to temperatures at which the consecutive reactions begin. Then cooling water must be used in the jacket to remove the exothermic heats of the reactions. 

Fig. 266. Diagram of a screw press, according to Schenkel [40], 7—heating and cooling jacket, 2—heating elements.

A considerable advance in the practice of stabilizing lacquer nitrocellulose was made by the development of a continuous process of boiling under pressure in acid-resisting tubes, 100 mm dia., up to 1500 m long (Figs. 164 and 165), The tubes are warmed or cooled by means of outer jackets being heated throughout... 

Reactors to make polyethylene are 34-50 mm dia with 10-20 m long turns totalling 400-900 m in length. The tube is jacketed and heated or cooled at different positions with pressurized water. 

Because of the highly exothermic nature of acrylonitrile polymerization, bulk processes arc not normally used commercially. Howevei. a commercially feasible process lor bulk polymerization in a continuous stirred lank reactor has been developed. The heat nl reaction is controlled hy operating at relatively low conversion levels and supplementing the normal jacket cooling with reflux condensation of umcaclcd monomer... 

Changing Kc increases the slope of the heat removal line because its slope is 1 + K If a bifurcation diagram is drawn for this nonadiabatic case with Kc as the bifurcation parameter and the jacket cooling temperature is the temperature of the middle steady state ym, we obtain a pitchfork type bifurcation diagram as shown in Figure 9 (A-2). 

Kinetic studies of the defective batch showed that the jacket cooling was capable of dissipating the amination heat up to approximately 190 °C. 

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