IV-acetylglucosamine

IV-Acetylglucosamine and IV-Acetylmuraniic acid Sugar derivatives in the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. 

Once formed, an acyl CoA is a substrate for further nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions. For example, iV-acetylglucosamine, a component of cartilage and other connective tissues, is synthesized by an aminolysis reaction between... 

The Enzymes II (E-IIs) of the phosphoenolpyruvate (P-enolpyruvate)-dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS) are carbohydrate transporters found only in prokaryotes. They not only transport hexoses and hexitols, but also pentitols and disaccharides. The PTS substrates are listed in Table I. The abbreviations used (as superscripts) throughout the text for these substrates are as follows Bgl, jS-gluco-side Cel, cellobiose Fru, fructose Glc, glucose Gut, glucitol Lac, lactose Man, mannose Mtl, mannitol Nag, iV-acetylglucosamine Scr, sucrose Sor, sorbose Xtl, xylitol. 

MoRGAN-ELSON-Absorptionsmaxima wie IV-Acetylglucosamin (510, 545, 585 mp). Die Pentaacylderivate schmelzen, soweit sie kristallisiert er-halten worden sind, zwischen 50 und 100°. 

Premier, C., Mach, L., Glossl, J. and Marz, L. (1992) The antigenicity of the carbohydrate moiety of an insect glycoprotein, honey-bee (Apis mellifera) venom phospholipase A2. The role of al,3-fucosylation of the asparagine-bound IV-acetylglucosamine. Bio chemicalJournal 284, 377-380. 

Related enzymes are N-acetylglucosaminidases, EC 3.2.1.30, some of which can act to hydrolyse the terminal, non-reducing iV-acetylglucosamine residue of chitin and lysozymes, EC 3.2.1.17, some of which can act slowly as endohydrolases. 

This enzyme [EC 2.7.1.59] catalyzes the phosphorylation by ATP of iV-acetylglucosamine to generate ADP and A-acetylglucosamine 6-phosphate. The bacterial enzyme is also reported to act on glucose as well. 

This enzyme [EC 3.2.2.11], also referred to as 1-aspar-tamido-/3-A-acetylglucosamine amidohydrolase, catalyzes the hydrolysis of l-jS-aspartyl-iV-acetylglucosami-nylamine to yield iV-acetylglucosamine and asparagine. 

Glycosyl transfer to hydrophobic acceptors by polyenzyme systems is a possibility. Transfer of sugar to endogenous lipid intermediates present in microsomal material from liver has been implied in the incorporation of glucose, mannose, and iV-acetylglucosamine into endogenous glycoprotein (A4, B6, B7, B8, D2, Mil, R7, T5). Dolichol monophosphate... 

Lysozyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of a polysaccharide that is the major constituent of the cell wall of certain bacteria. The polymer is formed from /3( 1 —> 4)-linked alternating units of IV-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetyl-muramic acid (NAM) (Figure 1.25). The solution of the structure of lysozyme... 

Biosynthesis of bacterial cell wall is remarkable in two respects (1) It entails the synthesis of a regularly cross-linked polymer and (2) Part of the synthesis takes place inside the cell and part outside the cell. The synthesis of cell wall is divided into three stages, which occur at different locations (1) synthesis of UDP-/V-acetylmuramyl-penta-peptide, (2) polymerization of IV-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramyl-pentapeptide to form linear peptidoglycan strands, and (3) cross-linking of the peptidoglycan strands. 

UDP-iV-acetylglucosamine S. aureus NCTC 8325, Mu50 Resistance and/or cell-... 

Williams, A.H., Raetz, C.R. Structural basis for the acyl chain selectivity and mechanism of UDP-IV-acetylglucosamine acyltransferase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104 (2007) 13543-13550. 

Figure 17-5. Synthesis of the mannose 6-phosphate recognition marker. R represents the high-mannose oligosaccharide of newly synthesized lysosomal enzymes. Reaction 1 is catalyzed by UDP-A,-acetylglucosamine lysosomal enzyme Ar-acetylglucosaminyl-1 -phosphotransferase. Reaction 2 is catalyzed by iV-acetylglucosamine-l-phosphodiester-iV-ace tylgluco saminidase.

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