Issatchenkia

Issatchenkia occidentalis Methyl Orange Orange II 0.2 (mmol/L) >95.0 85.0 [18]... 

Rhodococcus erythropolis + Issatchenkia orientalis ARAS, ECM Multi plus BSB (Dr. Bruno Lange GmbH Berlin) 2-300 < 1 (with hy- < 5 drolysis of sample 90 min) 30 [46-48]... 

Another way to increase the substrate spectrum of BOD-sensors is to combine various types of microorganisms, which exhibit different substrate sensitivities. Such a combined sensor containing BadHus subtilis and B. licheniformis [44], Citrobacter sp., and Enterobacter sp. [45], or the bacterium Rhodococcus erythropolis and the yeast Issatchenkia orientalis is used in a commerciahzed BOD-sensor system [11, 46]. In these biosensors, the substrate sensitivities of both species associated, as shown by Riedel and Uthemann [54]. 

The superiority of the Arxula adeninivorans-containing sensor in comparison to the commercial BOD-sensor with Issatchenkia orientalis and Rhodococcus erythropolis is demonstrated in Table 3, where data of the determination of the BOD of different domestic wastewater are given [19]. 

Arxula adeninvorans Issatchenkia orientalis Candida lactiscondensi Rhodococcus erythropolis Pseudomonas putida Alcaligenes sp. Trichosporon cutaneum ... 

Table 3. Comparison of BOD-values estimated by microbial sensor containing Arxula ade-ninivorans and a commercial biosensor containing Issatchenkia orentalis and Rhodococcus erythropolis with BOD determined by the five day method for various domestic wastewater samples [19] ...

Fig. 1. Correlation of fertility with extent of nuclear DNA complementarity among heterothallic yeasts showing low to intermediate DNA relatedness. Mating responses parallel measurable DNA reassociation. These and other data suggest that strains showing 70% or greater DNA relatedness will, in most cases, represent members of the same biological species.10 37 P., Pichia /., Issatchenkia F., Filobasidiella.

A compilation of the pathogenicity of C. haemulonii, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. viswanathii, Clavispora lusitaniae, Issatchenkia orientalis. 

Kim, D.-H., Hong, Y.-A., Park, H.-D. (2008) Co-fermentation of grape must by Issatchenkia orientalis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae reduces the malic acid content in wine. Biotechnology Letters, DOl 10.1007/sl0529-008-9726-l. 

Buchl, N. R., Wenning, M., Seiler, H., Mietke-Hofinann, H., Scherer, S. (2008). Reliable identification of closely related issatchenkia and pichia species using artificial neural network analysis of fourier-transform infrared spectra. Yeast, 25, 787-798. 

Kitagawa T, Tokuhiro K, Sugiyama H, Kohda K, Isono N, Hisamitsu M, Takahashi H, Imaeda T. (2010). Construction of p-glucosidase expression system using the multistress-tolerant yeast Issatchenkia orientalis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 87, 1841-1853. 

Suominen P, Aristidou A, PentUUa M, Ihnen M, Ruohonen L, Koivuranta K, Robert-Perez K. (2008). Genetically modified yeast of the species Issatchenkia orientalis and closely related species and fermentation processes using same. European Patent Application Pubheation EPl 885842 A2. 

It is generally accepted that in the case of sound, undamaged grapes, the viable population of yeasts ranges from 10 to 10 CFU/mL (Parish and Carroll, 1985 Fleet and Heard, 1993). The most frequently isolated native species is Kloeckera apiculata, which may account for more than 50% of the total yeast flora recovered from fruit. Lesser numbers of other yeasts, such as species of Candida, Cryptococcus, Debaryomyces, Hansenula, Issatchenkia, Kluyveromyces, Metschnikowia, Pichia, and Rhodotorula, have also been reported (Heard and Fleet, 1986 Holloway et al., 1990 Longo et al., 1991 Fleet and Heard, 1993 Sabate et al., 2002). If grape juice or concentrate... 

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