Isolated perfused porcine skin flap IPPSF

Further specimens in use are the perfused cow udder, the porcine forelimb, and the isolated perfused porcine skin flap (IPPSF) [55-57], While the first two require the sacrifice of the animal, the last one can be isolated surgically from the abdomen of the pigs, which afterwards can be returned to their prior disposition [49],... 

J. E. Riviere, K. F. Bowman, and N. A. Monteiro-Riviere. The isolated perfused porcine skin flap (IPPSF). I. A novel in vitro model for percutaneous absorption and cutaneous toxicology studies. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 7 444—453 (1986). 

There are several perfused skin preparations with an intact functional microvasculature. The major advantage of such a perfused system is that subsequent systemic influences on absorbed chemical are not present, yet the tissue is fully functional with an intact microcirculation unlike simpler in vitro models. The perfused rabbit ear model, perfused pig ear model, in situ sandwich skin flap in athymic rats, and the hybrid rat-human sandwich flap have been developed [8], but each intuitively has severe limitations. The isolated perfused porcine skin flap (IPPSF) developed in our laboratory is a unique ex vivo skin preparation that has an intact functional cutaneous microcirculation. Predictions from IPPSF studies have correlated well with in vivo absorption... 

Riviere JE, Williams PL, Hillman R, Mishky L. Quantitative prediction of transdermal iontophoretic delivery of arbutamine in humans using the in vitro isolated perfused porcine skin flap (IPPSF). J Pharm Sci 1992 81 504-7. 

Isolated perfused skin models, such as the isolated perfused porcine skin flap (IPPSF) developed in our laboratory, may be the missing link in the hierarchy of classic in vitro and in vivo models. Primary advantages of isolated perfused systrans include the following ... 

Carver, M.P., Williams, PL., and Riviere, J.E., 1989, The isolated perfused porcine skin flap (IPPSF). 111. Percutaneous absorption pharmacokinetics of organophosphates, steroids, benzoic add and caffeine, Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 97 324—337. 

Isolated perfused porcine skin flap (IPPSF) also sensitive to irritation and vascular events... 

In order to assess the efficacy of electroporation in a model system that closely resembles human clinical use, the transdermal delivery of LHRH was studied using the isolated perfused porcine skin flap (IPPSF) model. The IPPSF model is a viable and vascularized in vitro system that was developed to quantify percutaneous absorption and cutaneous toxicity (Riviere et al, 1994 Riviere and Monteiro-ffiviere, 1991). The model has been used successfifily to predict human iontophoretic delivery ofarbutamine (Riviere et al, 1992b), to assess iontophoretic-induced skin irritation (Monteiro-Riviere, 1990), and to characterize the pathway of compound delivery across the skin (Monteiro-Riviere et al, 1994). Of particular relevance to the studies described here are our studies, in vivo and using the IPPSF model, of the iontophoretic deliveiy of LH (Heit et al., 1993, 1994). These studies have shown that LHRH is an excellent model peptide with which to... 

Riviere et aL (1995) studied the toxicokinetics of topically administered C-sulfur mustard in their isolated perfused porcine skin flap (IPPSF) model to support the correlation between eritical steps in the vesication process and concentrations of the agent in different skin regions. About 90% of the radioactivity was not recovered due to evaporation of the agent from the skin. No attempts were made to avoid evaporation, since occlusion was not considered to be a realistic exposure condition. Absorption mainly occurred within the first hour after application, with the majority of the absorbed radioactive dose either in the skin or venous blood stream of the IPPSF. A large fraction of the measured radioactivity was probably not intact sulfur mustard however, the identity of the radioactive species was not established. A multicompartmental toxicokinetic model was developed to predict penetration into and distribution within the IPPSF. The authors report that sulfur mustard decreased the vascular volume of distribution in IPPSF in a dose dependent way, a phenomenon that should be incorporated into the toxicokinetic model. 

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