Isoindole properties

Syntheses from Phthalimidines Syntheses from Ortho-Disubstituted Benzenes Condensation of 1,4-Diketones with Amines and Pyrroles Other Reactions and Rearrangements Leading to Isoindoles IV. Properties of the Isoindole System A. Tautomerism... 

One method that combines the good chromatographic properties with improved limit of detection is the separation of isoindole derivatives of amino acids that may be detected fluorimetrically. This method may be applied to protein hydrolysates, and used in automated format in routine analyses [22]. 

It seems useful to compare the chemical properties of indolizines with those of pyrroles, indoles and isoindoles. There is however one important exception, namely that cycloadditions involve the entire 7r-system of indolizines. 

CP 96345 is a substituted quinuclidine, a substituted isoindole, a TACHYKININ RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST selective for the NK,-receptor subtype. It also has ion channel-blocking properties, and is used as a pharmacological tool. 

It may also have ANTIPSYCHOTIC activity, dapiprazole hydrochloride dapiprazole. dapitant [inn] (RPR 100893) is a substituted isoindole, a TACHYKININ RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST, selective for the NK,-receptor subtype. It has potential as an ANTIMIGRAINE AGENT, dapsone [ban, inn, usan] is a sulphone with actions similar to SULPHONAMIDES and with ANTIBACTERIAL activity. It can be used as an antileprotic and for infective dermatitis herpetiformis. and is being investigated for the treatment and prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (e.g. in AIDS), daptomycin [ban, inn, usan] is an (aminoglycoside) antibiotic. It has antibacterial properties. 

Claessens et al. reviewed the recent progress in studies of NLO properties of boron-subphthalocyanines (SubPcs). These phthalocyanine derivatives consist of three isoindole units N-fused around a central boron atom, which bear an axial ligand. These authors noted that the optical response of these nearly ocmpolar derivatives is associated to the charge transfer inside the macrocycle tt surface. Ihey... 

Even though it has been known for 100 years or more that stereoselectivity plays an important role in drug activity, chiral drugs have been developed and used as race-mates while neglecting the fact that they comprise mixtures of two or more compounds that may have quite different pharmacological properties [98,99]. An example with dramatic consequences is Thalidomide (2-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)isoindol-l,3-dion, Contergan). 

Although phthalimidine (27, R = H) is formally at the isoindole oxidation level, its chemical properties are those of an amide. The corresponding cyclic imidate (28), which is formed from the amide using Meerwein s reagent in the normal way, is an isoindolenine derivative, however. Moreover, when the starting phthalimidine is 2-substituted, the product after basification is a 1-alkoxyisoindole (29).48,49... 

Ch. 1 Properties and Reactions of Indoles, Isoindoles, and Their Derivatives Ch. 2 Synthesis of the Indole Nucleus... 

The polarities of different solvents can be compared using fluorescence probe molecules or solvatochromic dyes. When such molecules are dissolved in a solvent, the frequency of the maximum fluorescence or absorption, respectively, changes as a function of the polarity of the medium, and this property can then be compared with the result for standard solvents. The polarities of several ionic liquids were estimated using 5-dimethylamino-isoindole-l,3-dione 34 as a fluorescence probe and Reichardt s dye 35 for visible absorbance measurements, allowing the determination of the normalized parameter ( . (tetramethylsilane) = 0,... 

The poor fluorescence of the cysteine, lysine, and ornithine derivatives may be a drawback of the technique. Cysteine yields weakly fluorescent properties due to its sulfydryl group (Cooper and Turnell, 1982). However, these sulfydryl groups can be blocked with iodoacetic acid, lodoacetamine, or acrylonitrile, with the result that fluorescent isoindoles can then be formed with OPA (Cooper and Turnell, 1982). Cysteine may also be oxidized to cysteic acid, which forms a highly fluorescent product with OPA. Following the oxidation of cysteine, however, it may be difficult to obtain high reproducibility with the OPA derivatization of amino acids, because the conditions for these two reac-... 

---