Isobutyr-aldehyde

Chemical Designations - Synonyms Isobutyric Aldehyde Isobutyraldehyde Isobutylaldehyde 2-Methylpropanal Chemical Formula (CH3)2CHCHO. 

It is also of interest that the behaviour of the reaction system in the course of PAAm hydrophobization with isobutyric aldehyde also testifies to the conformational transition as the chemical modification proceeds. After addition... 

At 300 K and below, when hydroperoxides are stable, the decay of PMP peroxyl radicals gives rise to low-molecular-weight products, namely, water, acetone, and isobutyric aldehyde. The formation of these products can be explained by the breakdown of various peroxyl radicals with production of hydroxyl ion and cleavage of the C—C bond. 

The oxidation of 2-ethylhexan-l-ol to 2-ethyl-hexanal by the Oppenauer oxidation with aliphatic aldehydes such as acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, and isobutyr-aldehyde has been investigated with gas-phase reactants and MgO as the catalyst (196). Reaction with propionaldehyde was found to be an effective synthetic route for 2-ethylhexanal preparation, whereas with acetaldehyde and isobutyraldehyde a gradual catalyst deactivation in a flow reactor was observed. 

N,N-dimethyl-N-(2-amino-ethyl)amine, AD58 a-(dimethyl ami no)isobutyr-aldehyde, A IlU... 

Campagne and Bluet recently reported the catalytic asymmetric vinylogous Mukaiyama aldol (CAVM) reaction of aldehydes with dienol silyl ether 15 using chiral ammonium fluorides as an activator. For example, the CAVM reaction of isobutyr-aldehyde with 15 in the presence of 10 mol% of 4b in THF at room temperature led to the formation of the vinylogous aldol product 16 in 70% yield with 20% ee. The ee-value was improved to 30% by conducting the reaction at 0 °C (Scheme 9.6) [16]. 

Certain aliphatic aldehydes undergo a similar change. Isobutyric aldehyde, for example, is converted to isobutyric acid and di-isopropyl glycol 3(CH3)aCH.CHO + KOH = (CH8)4CH.COOK + (CH8)2CH.CHOH... 

A general method has been developed for utilization of cofactor-requiring enzymes in organic media [139]. ADH from horse liver as well as NADH were attached onto the surface of glass beads and afterwards suspended in a water-immiscible organic solvent containing the substrate. This method can be applied to other NAD+-dependent enzymes as well. Both NADH and NAD+ are efficiently regenerated with ADH-catalyzed oxidation of ethanol and reduction of isobutyr-aldehyde, respectively (Fig. 31). 

Tosyl isothiocyanate adds to the dimethylamine or piperidine enamines of isobutyr-aldehyde to form isolable betaines 4, which in non-polar solvents are in equilibrium with (tosylimino)thietanes 520 (equation 3). 

SYNS FEMA No. 2220 ISOBUTANAL ISOBUTYI ALDEHYDE ISOBUTYL ALDEHYDE (DOT ISOBUTYRALDEHYD (CZECH) ISOBUTYRIC ALDEHYDE 2-METHYLPROPANAL 2-METHYL-l-PROPANAL 2-METHYLPROPIONALDEHYDE NCI-C60968 VALINE ALDEHDYE... 

Chiral oxazolidinone auxiliaries based on D-glucose were used for aldol reactions by Koell et al. [160]. The highest select vities were observed with auxiliaries equipped with the pivaloyl protecting group. The pivaloylated oxazolidinone 228 was transformed into the boron enolate according to the procedure of Evans [161] and subsequently reacted with aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes. The best results were obtained with isobutyric aldehyde (Scheme 10.77). The syn-dldo 229 was formed in 16-fold excess over the a/i Z-diastereomer and with an acceptable yield of 59%. The authors explain the stereoselectivity by a chair-like transition state according to Zimmermann-Traxler. The electrophile approaches at the less hindered r -face of the (Z)-configured enolate double bond. For A -phenacetyl substituents, an inversed stereoselectivity was observed as described above for these oxazolidinone auxiliaries. 

The first stage of the process is a hydroformylation (oxo) reaction from which the main product is n-butyraldehyde. The feeds to this reactor are synthesis gas (CO/H2 mixture) and propylene in the molar ratio 2/f, and the recycled products of isobutyr-aldehyde cracking. The reactor operates at f30°C and 350 bar, using cobalt carbonyl as catalyst in solution. The main reaction products are n- and isobutyraldehyde in the ratio of 4 f, the former being the required product for subsequent conversion to 2-ethylhexanol. In addition, 3% of the propylene feed is converted to propane while some does not react. 

The equilibrium between isobutyr-aldehyde and its hydrate in water... 

Copolymer IB-MA (l.Og) was heated under nitrogen for 6 hr. at 235-240°C, with off gas collection in a mineral oil trap. Isobutyr-aldehyde was confirmed in the mineral oil by IR, with 1740 cm-1 absorption and odor. The recovered polymer (0.73g), which was no longer soluble in water, EA, MEK and THF, was soluble in DMF, DMSO and y-butyrolactone. Heating 1.5g of IA-MA copolymer under the same conditions produced similar results, with 1.39g polymer recovered. 

Condensations of acetophenones with aliphatic aldehydes are often complicated by side reactions, although some simple cases are known to proceed in good yield (e.g. equation 84). An example of the kind of complications that may arise in such cases is seen in the reaction of acetophenone with isobutyr-aldehyde. Base-mediated reaction at low temperature gives a crude aldol that is dehydrated by heating with phosphoric acid to obtain a 3 1 mixture of a,p- and p,7-unsaturated ketones (equation 85). If the reaction is carried out under more traditional conditions, by heating an alcoholic solution of the reactants... 

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