Irradiation with heavy ions

Irradiation of heavy ions like An and Kr deposits a heavy damage along the ion track in polymer films. When some polymer films are irradiated with heavy ions and dipped in an alkaline aqueous solution, micropores are produced along the ion track. Since the shape and size of pores of polymers can be controlled by etching conditions and by the species of heavy ions, these polymer films are expected to be used for high-performance filters and ion detectors [92]. The development of the polymer filters and ion detectors are described as follows. 

On general grounds, the X-ray and gamma irradiation can be replaced by irradiation with electrons with a corresponding energy spectrum, while neutron irradiation can be replaced by irradiation with heavy ions that would simulate the recoil nuclei of the medium. 

Even if irradiation with heavy ions concerns evidendy many materials such as solids or liquids and gases, this chapter will deal with the effect of high-energy heavy particles in liquid water. Actually, chemical mechanisms in pure water have been depicted a few decades ago and this medium is undoubtedly the one in the nature, more generally in the living systems, and also in the industry to be extensively used. Therefore this chapter tries to give the new trends of the research on water radiolysis with heavy ion beams, the methods developed with their associated problems and the facilities used for these studies. 

Bowman MK, David B, Michael DS, Zimbrick JD. (2005) Track structure in DNA irradiated with heavy ions. Radiat Res 163(4) 447 54. 

The most important method of production of elements with Z > 100, however, is the irradiation, with heavy ions, of elements that are available in sufficient amounts. Fusion of projectiles (atomic number Z ) with target nuclei (atomic number Z) may lead to elements with atomic number Z + Z ... 

Radiation Chemistry of Solids Irradiated with Heavy Ions... 

Devanathan R, Yu N, Sickafus KE, Nastasi M (1996b) Stmcture and properly changes in spinel irradiated with heavy ions. Nucl Instr Meth B 127/128 608-611... 

Upon heating, the monoclinic phase in zirconia starts transforming to the tetragonal phase at 1,461 K, peaks at 1,471 K, and finishes at 1,480 K. On cooling, the transformation from the tetragonal to the monoclinic phase starts at 1,326 K, peaks at 1,322 K, and finishes at 1,294 K, exhibiting a hysteresis behavior that is well known for this material [61-65]. This transformation can also be affected by irradiation with heavy ions, such as 300 MeV Ge [66] and 340 keV Xe [67]. 

Equation (13.10) is demonstrated in Fig. 13.8, which shows the experimental mixing rate d(4Dt) / d

linear relationship indicates that the amount of mixing scales with AHmiJAHcoh and that (13.10) provides a reasonable prediction of the ion beam mixing rate in metal/metal bilayer systems irradiated with heavy ions at low temperatures. 

Typical ranges of dose and dose rate in power reactors and test reactors together with irradiations with heavy ions, protons and electrons and HVEM irradiation. 

Schematics showing measurement and sample preparation methods in steels irradiated with heavy ions. (Courtesy of K. Fujii, Institute of Nuclear Safety System.)... 

A target is irradiated with heavy ions such as or accelerated up to 135 MeV/... 

The as-received specimens were polished with diamond suspensions down to 1 pm. They were subsequently irradiated with heavy ions. This kind of irradiation aims to simulate the interactions present in reactors (impacts of fission products, recoil atoms of alpha-decays, and neutrons) without... 

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