Iron scales

Particularly preferred bacteria are those of the genera Lactobacillus or Pediococcus. Lactic acid produced by bacteria may also be used for removal of carbonate or iron scale in oil field equipment [395],... 

Minimum impact energies to initiate the explosion of various exothermic mixtures, used for the continuous casting of steel, were determined. Components used included sodium nitrate, aluminium-iron scale, silicocalcium, ferrosilicon fluorspar, borax, etc. Hazardous mixtures were defined, and improved safety controls were derived. 

Even earlier, in the seventeenth Century, John Bate recorded the use of antimony sulhde to produce a blue flame in his Book of Fireworks in 1635. The same author also used iron scale in some of his compositions to give rockets a more luminous tail. 

Modifications of the Goldschmidt thermite process may also be employed for the preparation of the iron-vanadium alloy. The crushed vanadates or vanadium pentoxide are mixed with the necessary amount of iron scalings or turnings and fluxes, and introduced into a gas-fired open-hearth furnace or into an iron crucible provided with a refractory lining and previously heated to redness. The reactions taking place are ... 

The iron scale which John Bate used in certain of his rocket... 

Another factor which determines the presence of minerals at certain depths is the tendency to combine with others or affinity of minerals and elements. Noble gases hardly react with other elements and will, because of their low densities, consequently end up in the atmosphere. Relatively light elements (alkaline and alkaline earth metals) with a strong affinity for oxygen are found in the silicate schaal. Heavy elements which are bound to sulphur or oxgen are situated in the sulphide /oxide scale, or even deeper in the nickel/iron scale. 

SQUAMA FERRI -- Iron Scales SQUILLA FIXA — Officinal Squill. 

ZAFARAM — Iron Scaling Burnt in a Copper Vessel. 

Uses Scale inhibitor for cooling water systems, boilers, and in oil fields to control calcium, barium, magnesium, strontium, and iron scale deposits... 

The drawbacks of TBRs include the presence of diffusional limitations inside the catalyst due to the particle size. This is because in commercial practice, the reactor must be loaded with relatively large catalyst particles to avoid an excessive pressure drop. However, the main disadvantage of this type of reactor is certainly the loss of catalyst activity over time. In addition, TBRs are exposed to fouling-related problems because of the presence of solids in the feedstock (iron scale, salts, coke fines, etc.) and reaction products (coke plugs and metal deposits) [64]. This means that the operation must be interrupted after a certain period of time for replacing the catalyst, which procedure takes around 1 month and requires... 

In 1785, i794> and 1799, by heating charcoal with iron scales ( finery cinder ) or carbonate of barytes, all the materials having previously been... 

Silica and silicate deposits cannot be removed with HCI. Where such scales are a problem, hydrofluoric acid is used either alone or in conjunction with HCI (or other acids). In the latter case, the HF is usually generated in situ by means of the addition of NH4HF2. The HCI/HF mixture has the added features of being more aggressive toward iron scales and reducing base metal corrosion by Fe in magnetite and hematite deposits, a result attributable to the formation of a strong complex between HF and Fe3+.97 pqc additional discussion, see the section on ferric ion corrosion. 

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