Iron and steel mills

Primary consumers for ferrous scrap are the iron and steel mills and foundries. Minor consumers iaclude ferroalloy producers, copper producers for use ia copper precipitation (see Recycling, nonferrous metals), and the chemical iadustry. The steel iadustry consumes about three-fourths of the total. Scrap consumption for ferroalloy production, copper precipitation, and the chemical iadustry total less than one million t. The United States is the leading exporter of ferrous scrap, exporting almost nine million t ia 1994, valued at about 1.3 biUioa. Total value of domestic scrap purchases and exports ia 1994 was 8 biUioa (2). 

Coal-cleaning plants (with thermal dryers) Kraft-pulp mills Portland-cement plants Primary zinc smelters Iron and steel mill plants Primary aluminum-ore-reduction plants Primary copper smelters ... 

Corex process. The Corex or Cipcor process has integral coal desulfurizing, is amenable to a variety of coal types, and generates electrical power in excess of that required by an iron and steel mill which can be sold to local power grids. A Corex plant is in operation in South Africa, and other plants are expected to be operational in South Korea and India. 

Pulp mills, iron and steel mills, cement manufacturing, computer manufacturing, etc. 1,075 5... 

A major objective of these CMBs was to determine primary and secondary contributions from coal-fired plants. Arsenic and Se are often used as "markers" for primary emissions from coal-fired plants (10), but Table II shows that substantial amounts of these elements are associated with regional sulfate, most of which results from transport from distant coal-fired plants. The regional sulfate component was based largely on FA of fine particles collected in Shenandoah Valley (4), which mainly represents material transported into the area from the west. As previously discussed (11), broadly similar components can be constructed from data of Thurston and Spengler (6), Pierson et al. (12), and Rahn and Lowenthal (13). At present, we don t know if this component is appropriate for samples collected within the ORV. Also, industrial sources such as copper plants and iron and steel mills interfere with some elements that might otherwise be good markers for coal combustion. Gallium shows... 

India s modern steel industry is about 75 yr old. The first fully successful iron and steel mill was established in 1907 by Jamshedji Tata. There were as many as 17 earlier unsuccessful attempts to establish Indian ironworks using Western-type technology. Some of the reasons for failure were as follows ... 

Among the largest users of agglomeration technologies are iron and steel mills and their raw material suppliers, the cement industry and fertilizer producers. In the first area flotation concentrates and ores that were upgraded by other methods, fine or dusty pyrite cinders, red mud from bauxite processing, filter... 

The modem steel industry is about 75 years old. The first fiilly successful iron and steel mill was established in 1907 by the Tatas. There were many earlier attempts to establish iron works but these used western technology unsuited for the materials locally available and were all failures. In about 1918, two more iron mills were estabhshed within India, founded by British interests. These are still in production today. During World War II, steel was produced in greater and greater quantities. India became self-sufficient in steel about 1954. The steel plants in India are modem and have been built primarily with the help of Russian collaboration. Part of these mills are still in the constmction stage. Production of steel in 1951 was about 1,000,000 tons and it had increased to 13,000,000 tons by 1977. 

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