Ionizing radiation efficiency

Several decontamination methods exist, but the most versatile treatment among them is processing with ionizing radiation. Decontamination of food by ionizing radiation is a safe, efficient, environmentally clean, and energy-efficient process. Shelf-life... 

Polyethylene Is well known to be cross-linked by ionizing radiation through the recombination of polyethylene radicals produced by the irradiation (1). The efficiency of the reaction is not so high and the G-value has been reported to be 1-5 (2, 3). 

Along with mese genetic features, a low growm rate and a low blood supply (conditions often present m sohd mmors) can affect sensitivity to ionizing radiation wim me following mechanisms (Brown, 1999) reduction of me rate of cells m me most sensitive phases of me cell cycle low efficiency of ROS formation wimm me irradiated mmor due to hypoxia clonal selection of cancer cells highly resistant to oxidative stress/apoptosis and wim efficient anaerobic metabolism. 

Although the irradiation of 200 kGy decomposes about 80% of polystyrene in toluene by the dissociative electron attachment, the yield of the decomposition is only 20% for solid toluene. Because of its low efficiency of scission, the coupled polystyrene may not be a polymer suitable as a radiation resist. However, the present study has shown that a polymer that can be decomposed into two equivalent skeletons by ionizing radiation is possible to be... 

Ionizing radiation on poly(alkyl acrylates) results in cross-linking efficiencies, which are sensitive to the structure of the alkyl ester group."... 

Nuclear track detectors are very simple and very efficient detectors of rare events that produce highly ionizing radiation. Carefully prepared and scanned track detectors have been used to identify individual rare decays. The detectors are integrating in that the damage caused by a track is not spontaneously repaired. The drawback to track detectors is that the tracks are small and can only be observed with a microscope. In the past, scanning by eye was extremely labor intensive and prone to error. Modern computer-controlled scanning has improved the speed and reliability of the analysis. Plastic track detectors that are sensitive to a particles are used extensively in commercial radon detectors. 

The chemical transformations induced by simultaneous exposure to light and to ionizing radiation are of great interest to radiation chemistry. For a number of materials one observes the so-called synergy effect, that is, the nonadditivity (the mutual increase) of the effects produced by different types of radiation. For instance, the simultaneous irradiation by light from a lamp and by accelerated electrons leads to a considerable increase of the efficiency of marcoradical formation (see Chapter V of Ref. 327). 

Also, in the treatment with BLM, 150 SSBs and 30 DSBs are formed at the LD37 level of survival (Ward 1988). It has hence be concluded that the cellular repair enzymes can cope very efficiently with these simple lesions, and much more complex lesions (clustered lesions, above the level of a DSB, see below) are required to cause a lethal event. This is supported by the observation that densely ionizing radiations show a higher RBE then low-LET radiation (Goodhead 1994). 

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