Ionizing radiation dosimetry

United States Army Ionizing Radiation Dosimetry Center (USAIRDC) N Army 8-9... 

AIRDC - US Army Ionizing Radiation Dosimetry Center. 

Radiation Dosimetry. Radioactive materials cause damage to tissue by the deposition of energy via their radioactive emissions. Thus, when they are internally deposited, all emissions are important. When external, only those emissions that are capable of penetrating the outer layer of skin pose an exposure threat. The biological effects of radiation exposure and dose are generally credited to the formation of free radicals in tissue as a result of the ionization produced (17). 

Epidemiological and Human Dosimetry Studies. Epidemiological studies of radiation dose typically involve estimates of exposure that are based on whole-body measurements of internally-deposited americium. A need remains for epidemiological data that can provide quantitative human dose-response information while supplying additional information on the health effects of exposure to ionizing radiation and americium in particular, for cases of known internal exposure. 

IEC 60544-1, Electrical insulating materials - Determination of the effects of ionizing radiation - Part 1 Radiation interaction and dosimetry, 1994. 

International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU). Quantities and Units in Radiation Protection Dosimetry, ICRU Report 51 Bethesda, Maryland, 1993. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU). Fundamental Quantities and Units for Ionizing Radiation, ICRU Report 60, Bethesda, Maryland, 1998. Wambersie A. Menzel H.G. Gahbauer R.A. Jones D.T.L. Michael B.D. Paretzke H. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 2002, 99, 445. 

Energy expenditure is however, a quantity which may be measured only with extreme difficulty. Dosimetry of ionizing radiations therefore consists of determining a more easily measured change and then relating this to energy expenditure. 

REM (rem). A unit of dose equivalent in the field of radiation dosimetry. One rem equals the amount of ionizing radiation of any type which produces the same damage to humans as 1 roentgen of approximately 200 kilovolts x-radiation. (The unit is abbreviation of Roentgen Equivalent Man.)... 

Jarrett, R. D., Halliday, J. W., Dosimetry in Food Preservation by Ionizing Radiation, U. S. Army Natick Laboratories, R D Associates Activities Report, Vol. 15, December 1963. 

The problem of equivalence of the radiation effects produced by different types of radiation is very important in dosimetry of ionizing radiation (especially, for liquid chemical dosimeters). As we have shown in Section IX.A, in the general case, the radiation effect in a condensed... 

Brede HJ, Greif KD, Hecker O, Heeg P, Heese J, Jones DTL, Kluge H, Schardt D. (2006) Absorbed dose to water determination with ionization chamber dosimetry and calorimetry in restricted neutron, photon, proton and heavy-ion radiation fields. Phys in Med and Biol 51(15) 3667-3682. 

In this section, we shall briefly review the various types of ionizing radiation and the way to generate them. The principle of dosimetry and the more important definitions of yield and of exposure and absorbed dose will be given. 

Lyoluminescence Dosimetry of ionizing radiation, detectors, analytical devices, personal monitoring... 

This phenomenon has been employed for the dosimetry of ionizing radiations since TL intensity on stimulation (by heating) is proportional to radiation doses. 

TLD Most of the interest in TL comes from the possibility of using it in radiation dosimetry. Radiation is an important tool in nuclear and medical research programs. Since radiation is hazardous, it is necessary to monitor the dose to woikers who are involved in snch programs. There are many devices to measure the radiation dose. The TL dosimeter is one of them. It is inexpensive and very sensitive to radiation. Use is made of the fact that ionizing... 

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