ELECTROCHEMISTRY IN IONIC LIQUIDS

Ionic liquids can be used in a wide range of applications owing to their unusual physical and chemical properties [21]. They show high thermal stability, negligible vapor pressure, non-flammability, excellent electrochemical stability and high ionic conductivity. This, combined with their advantages of being non-volatile and 

1-Ethyl-l-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl] imide [EMIM][Tf2N] -2.5 to 2.8 

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Buzzeo MC, Evans RG, Compton RG (2004) Non-haloduminate room-temperature ionic liquids in electrochemistry. Chem Phys Chem 5 1106-1120... 

Buzzeo, M. C., Evans, R G., and Compton, R. G. (2004). Non-haloaluminate room-temperature ionic liquids in electrochemistry— a review. Chem. Phys. Chem., 5, pp. 1106-1120. 

The wide electrochemical windows of ionic liquids, in combination with their ability to serve as solvents for transition metal catalysts, opens up new possibilities for a combination of electrochemistry and transition metal catalysis. A very exciting first example has recently been published by Bedioui et al. [27]. 

The electrochemistry was performed on the neat ionic liquid. In such a set-up, with no recognised background electrolyte or redox standard, the potential vs. the platinum pseudo-reference is difficult to compare with standard potentials, however, in such unusual conditions it is the qualitative nature of the electrochemistry that is important. ... 

This book introduces some basic and advanced studies on ionic liquids in the electrochemical field. Although ionic liquids are known by only a few scientists and engineers, their applications potential in future technologies is unlimited. There are already many reports of basic and applied smdies of ionic liquids as reaction solvents, but the reaction solvent is not the only brilliant future of the ionic liquids. Electrochemistry has become a big field covering several key ideas such as energy, environment, nanotechnology, and analysis. It is hoped that the contributions on ionic liquids in this book will open other areas of smdy as well as to inspire future aspects in the electrochemical field. The applications of ionic liquids in this book have been narrowed to the latest results of electrochemistry. For this reason only the results on room-temperature ionic liquids are presented, and not on high-temperature melts. 

Tu WW, Lei IP, Ju HX (2009) Functionalization of carbon nanotubes with water-insoluble porphyrin in ionic liquid direct electrochemistry and highly sensitive amperometric biosensing for trichloroacetic add. Chem Eur J 15 779-784... 

During 2003 we saw the first published process based on ILs [6], In its BASIL process (see Section 5.3.2), BASF has disclosed the involvement of an imidazolium-based ionic-liquid in the production of alkoxyphenylphosphines. This constitutes an impressive demonstration that IL technology can result in significant financial savings. Another process said to be poised for licensing is the French Petroleum Institute s butene dimerization process, the Difasol process (see Section 5.3.1). Besides these, some more promising applications are currently under investigation, and are hoped to be disclosed in the near future. Notable examples of research areas are in electrochemistry (batteries), biocatalysis, and the application of ILs in extraction processes, e.g., the deep desulfurization of diesel oil. 

Ionic Liquids in Context Separations and Engineering Green Synthesis Nuclear and Electrochemistry Ionic Liquid Systems Properties of Ionic Liquids Catalysis I Catalysis II... 

Okada, Y., T. Ito, T. Minamikawa, H. Kamisuki, S. Higai, and K. Shiratsuyu. 2013. Molecular dynamics study of ionic liquids in graphite nanopores. Electrochemistry 81 808-810. 

Among his research interests are investigation of the cathode materials for the lithium-ion batteries, physical-chemical properties of low-temperature ionic liquids and electrochemistry of refractory metals in ionic liquids. Recently he has been taking part in the research and optimization on the industrial scale of processes of Zn, Zn-Fe and Zn-Ni alloy deposition. 

Angel A J. Torriero is a Lecturer of Chemistry and Electrochemistry at Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia. He has published more than 50-refereed papers (h-index = 18 Scopus, November 2014), six book chapters, several patents, and one book, Electrochemical Properties and Applications of Ionic Liquids in 2011. 

Macfarlane DR, Forsyth M, Hewlett PC, Pringle JM, Sun J, Annat G, Neil W, Izgorodina El (2007) Ionic liquids in electrochemical devices and processes managing interfacial electrochemistry. Acc Chem Res 40 1165-1173... 

At present, in electrochemistry, the most commonly studied ionic liquids belong to the family of the imidazolium-based ones. This is due to their low melting points and high electrochemical stability. The potential application of these ionic liquids in electrodeposition processes [26] and development of some electrochemical devices, such as biosensors [28] and lithium batteries [29], have been largely considered. Evidently, when accounting for toxicity and environmental persistence, these solvents do not fully address these important principles of green chemistry. 

Torriero AAJ, Bond AM (2009) Critical eveiluation of dynamic electrochemistry in ionic liquids. In Electroanalytical chemistry research trend. Nova Science, New York, NY, pp 1-63... 

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