Iodine Storage

Humans ingest iodine through food. In many countries, iodine fortification, normally through iodized salt, ensures proper iodine intake. The ingested iodine is then absorbed into the bloodstream through the gut. Once absorbed, the major location of iodine storage and utilization is the thyroid. Iodine is transported into the thyroid from the... 

Iodine deficiency results in lowered maternal circulating thyroid hormone concentrations, leading to reduction in placental transfer of thyroxine. The possibility of iodine storage by the placenta compensating for diminished dietary iodine intake has been suggested by Delange (2004), and placental iodine storage has been demonstrated (Smyth et al, 2006). 

Fig. 291. Preparation of titanium metal by the process of van Arkel and de Boer. g) pyrex bulb a, b, c) tri-ai lar arrangement of tungsten bus bars d, (h) tungsten wires h) iodine storage flask 0 shatter valve n) steel ball.

Jonckheer M and Deconi nek F. 1979. Dissociation between iodine storage function and hormone formation as observed with XEF scanning of the thyroid. 

Other interesting information obtained by means of XRF that allows to show the dissociation of hormonogenesis and storage funtion has been reported in the literature. In Hashimoto s thyroiditis a transient iodide trapping defect could be evidenced (3 ) In subacute thyroiditis, iodine stores are depleted (35) and it has been shown that uptake of iodine resumes more rapidely than iodine storage in this disease (Chapter IX) ... 

Upon storage, the amount of ted phosphoms in soHd white or Hquid phosphoms may increase if the material is exposed to light or contains contaminants such as iodine, sulfur, selenium, or sodium that catalyze the conversion from white to ted. Also, because white phosphoms is generally stored under water, some surface oxidation to form viscous white or colored polymeric oxyacids also occurs, especially if the oxygen content of the water can be replenished by exposure to air. 

The analyses can be carried out in the presence of /V-methy1o1 groups. On fabric, the formaldehyde bisulfite compound is decomposed by excess sodium carbonate and the Hberated sulfite is titrated with 0.1- or 0.01-N iodine solution (76). Commercial fabrics are seldom washed and dried before being used, and the free formaldehyde content may be between 50 and several hundred ppm, depending on finishing and storage conditions. 

Repeated attempts to obtain the band at 1030 cm 1 in spectra of the respective solids of various compositions did not furnish the desired result. Nevertheless, the band was observed in IR transmission spectra of gaseous components that separated from molten K2NbF7 and were collected in a standard gas phase cell with Csl windows appropriate for IR measurements. Fig. 85 presents the structure of the band and exact wave numbers of its components. Storage of the gas in the cell for several days resulted in a yellow deposit on the windows due to oxidation and subsequent separation of iodine. Analysis of available reported data [364 - 367] enables to assign the band observed at -1030 cm 1 to vibrations of OF radicals. It should be emphasized that a single mode was observed for OF in the argon matrix while in the case of nitrogen, two modes were indicated [367]. 

Half-lives span a very wide range (Table 17.5). Consider strontium-90, for which the half-life is 28 a. This nuclide is present in nuclear fallout, the fine dust that settles from clouds of airborne particles after the explosion of a nuclear bomb, and may also be present in the accidental release of radioactive materials into the air. Because it is chemically very similar to calcium, strontium may accompany that element through the environment and become incorporated into bones once there, it continues to emit radiation for many years. About 10 half-lives (for strontium-90, 280 a) must pass before the activity of a sample has fallen to 1/1000 of its initial value. Iodine-131, which was released in the accidental fire at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, has a half-life of only 8.05 d, but it accumulates in the thyroid gland. Several cases of thyroid cancer have been linked to iodine-131 exposure from the accident. Plutonium-239 has a half-life of 24 ka (24000 years). Consequently, very long term storage facilities are required for plutonium waste, and land contaminated with plutonium cannot be inhabited again for thousands of years without expensive remediation efforts. 

On storage, solutions of iodine isocyanate gradually deposit a touch-sensitive, mildly explosive solid (possibly cyanogen peroxide). 

This compound, readily formed by iodine oxidation of azidodithioformic acid or its salts, is a powerful explosive. It is sensitive to mechanical impact or heating to 40°C, and slow decomposition during storage increases the sensitivity. Preparative precautions are detailed. 

Colorless oily liquid that is light and moisture sensitive. Becomes brown during storage due to liberation of iodine. 

Sulfuric acid stack emission limit, 23 774 Sulfuric acid storage tanks, 23 783 Sulfur impregnation, 23 593-594 Sulfur-iodine (S-I) cycle, 73 848 Sulfurized olefins, 23 642 Sulfur ligands, platinum, 79 656 Sulfur linkages... 

As the human body is able to store many minerals, deviations from the daily ration are balanced out over a given period of time. Minerals stored in the body include water, which is distributed throughout the whole body calcium, stored in the form of apatite in the bones (see p. 340) iodine, stored as thyroglobulin in the thyroid and iron, stored in the form of ferritin and hemosiderin in the bone marrow, spleen, and liver (see p. 286). The storage site for many trace elements is the liver. In many cases, the metabolism of minerals is regulated by hormones—for example, the uptake and excretion of H2O, Na, ... 

Iodine. Iodine added in quantities 1 to 5% to a liquid organic peroxide elimates the danger of explosion and fires in its use, storage and shipment. Before use of the peroxide, the iodine is removed by an oxidizing agent or other suitable means... 

Wear gloves and mask during all phases of manufacturing and filling. Do not keep the lid of the manufacturing or storage tank open unless necessary, as iodine may be liberated. 

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