Invert-oil mud

An emulsion drilling fluid (mud) of the water-dispersed-in-oil (W/O) type having a low water content. See also Oil Mud, Invert-Oil Mud. 

Oilfield Uses. Calcium chloride has two uses in the oilfield as a primary ingredient in completion fluids and as the brine phase in an invert emulsion oil mud. An excellent review of oil well drilling fluids is available (36) (see also Petroleum, drilling fluids). 

Esters of Q to Cn monocarboxylic acids [1288-1292], acid-methyl esters [1282], and polycarboxylic acid esters [1287], as well as oleophilic monomeric and oligomeric diesters [1293], have been proposed as basic materials for inverted emulsion muds. Natural oils are triglyceride ester oils [1844] and are similar to synthetic esters. Diesters also have been proposed [1293-1297]. 

H. Muller, C. P. Herold, S. von Tapavicza, M. Neuss, W. Zollner, and F. Burbach. Esters of medium chain length carboxylic acids as oil-phase components in invert drilling muds (Ester von Car-bonsauren mittlerer Kettenl ge als Bestandteil der Olphase in Invert-Bohrspiilschlammen). Patent EP 386636, 1990. 

Invert oil-emulsion muds, 9 5 In-vessel composting, 25 874 Investigational Device Exemption (IDE), 21 577... 

Oil-Base Muds. Oil-base muds contain oil as the continuous phase and water as the dispersed phase. Oil-base muds contain less than 5% (by volume) water, while oil-base emulsion muds (invert emulsions) have more than 5% water in mud. Oil-base muds are usually a mixture of diesel fuel and asphalt the filtrate is oil. 

Figure 4-113. Approximate rheology of two oil-based mud systems. (VERTOIL = invert emulsion of oil and CaClj brine OILFAZE = invert emulsion of oil and freshwater)...

Acetals and oleophilic alcohols or oleophilic esters are suitable for the preparation of inverted emulsion drilling muds and emulsion drilling muds. They may replace the base oils, diesel oil, purified diesel oil, white oil, olefins, and alkylbenzenes [825,826]. Examples are isobutyraldehyde di-2-ethylhexyl acetal dihexyl formal and mixtures with coconut alcohol, soya oil, and a-methyldecanol. 

Emulsifiers and wetting agents (detergents and/or surfactants) are composed of anionic, cationic, or nonionic detergents, metal soaps, polyamines, and tall oils or fatty acids [28]. They facilitate the formation of a stable dispersion of insoluble liquids in water (invert-emulsion). Wetting agents are used to ensure that the solids in mud... 

Uses Invert emulsifier for aerosol and industrial applies. drilling mud surfactant Properties Cl. liq. sol. in oil, IPA, kerosene, xylene disp. in water ColatMid SA [Colonial Chem.)... 

Chem. Descrip. Modified natural oils Uses Fluid loss agent, primary emulsifier for Invert muds Features Must be activated with lime eliminates sm. levels of water Properties Orange vise. Ilq. disp. In oil Insol. In water sp.gr. 0.96-0.97 pour pt. 32 F flash pt. > 158 F UseLevei 05-2,0Ib/bbI Wellguard 1899 [Albemarle]... 

Uses Sec. emulsifier, oil wetting agent, rheolcgy control agent for invert muds... 

Uses Primary emulsifier for invert drilling fluids fluid loss control agent, stabilizer, rheology control agent for invert muds (in conjunction with sec. emulsifiers) Features Most effective when neutralized with lime Properties Dk, vise, liq, sol, in oil insol. in water sp.gr. 0.93 vise. < 10 cps (20 C) ... 

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