Introduction to Liquid Microlenses

This chapter starts by describing the ubiquitous problems in optics, in particular, those that can be solved by liquid microlenses. Then we will discuss the benefits and advantages of liquid microlenses in many applications artificial implementation of compound eyes endoscopic fiber microscopes for confocal reflectance and real-time optical coherence tomography (OCT) photolithography optical communications imaging systems and labs on chips. 

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Before we discuss various liquid-based microlenses, it is beneficial to provide a chapter that gives a brief introduction of the methods involved in their fabrication. The fabrication of these lenses takes advantage of advancements in modem microelectronic fabrication for integrated circuits (ICs), microelec-tromechanical systems (MEMS), and microfluidics that enable large scale, low cost, precise manufacturing. 

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