Introduction comparison of aquatic and terrestrial canopies

Gayev and J.C.R. Hunt (eds.), Flow and Transport Processes with Complex Obstructions, 221-250. 2007 Springer. 

The focus of research in terrestrial canopies has been on the vertical exchange between a canopy and the overlying atmosphere, i.e. at the scale of the canopy height, h. In the study of aquatic systems, however, there is interest in processes occurring at several scales both smaller and greater than h - from the stem-scale up to the marsh-scale. For example, the details of flow around an individual stem or leaf sets the length-scale of the diffusive boundary layer that, in many instances, controls the uptake of nutrients 

---