Intravenous fluids colloids

Therapeutic intravenous (TV) fluids include crystalloid solutions, colloidal solutions, and oxygen-carrying resuscitation solutions. Crystalloids are composed of water and electrolytes, all of which pass freely through semipermeable membranes and remain in the intravascular space for shorter periods of time. As such, these solutions are very useful for correcting electrolyte imbalances but result in smaller hemodynamic changes for a given unit of volume. 

In addition to spironolactone, ascites can be managed by paracentesis. That is the removal ( tapping ) of ascitic fluid from the peritoneal cavity under aseptic conditions. A colloid (human albumin solution (20%)) is infused (40 mL (8 g of albumin) per litre of ascites drained) intravenously during paracentesis, in order to prevent intravascular volume depletion and the onset of renal failure. Following paracentesis, ascites recurs in the majority (93%) if diuretic therapy is not reinstituted, but recurs in only 18% of patients treated with... 

Vaupshas H J, Levy M 1990 Distribution of saline following acute volume loading postural effects. Clinical and Investigative Medicine 13 165-177 Velanovich V 1989 Crystalloid versus colloid fluid resuscitation a meta-analysis of mortality. Surgery 105 65-71 Vukmir R B, Bircher N G, Radovsky A et al 1995 Sodium bicarbonate may improve outcome in dogs with brief or prolonged cardiac arrest. Critical Care Medicine 23 515-522 Walton R J 1979 Effect of intravenous sodium lactate on renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate in man. Clinical Science 57 125-127... 

Therapeutic measures designed to limit lung fluid accumulation such as the intravenous administration of albumin or other high-molecular-weight molecules to raise colloid osmotic pressure are only beneficial in patients... 

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