Intracellular signaling cascades

Besides classical receptor classes that bind endogenous or naturally occurring ligands and act via prototypical intracellular signaling cascades, a considerable number of transmembrane proteins are referred to as receptors albeit their natural ligands are unknown or they do not... 

Glutamate receptors are divided into ionotropic receptors (directly coupled to an ion channel) and metabotropic receptors (coupled to intracellular signalling cascades). 

FIGURE 5.5 There are five isoforms of SIP receptors (SlPn 5), a family of G protein-coupled membrane receptors previously known as Edg receptors (endothelial differentiation gene). Ligand binding and activation of SIP receptors initiates multiple intracellular signaling cascades involved in cellular proliferation, differentiation, survival and migration. 

Helical cytokines are secreted proteins that function as intracellular messengers. The information content contained on their a-helical scaffolds is decoded by extracellular high-fidelity interactions with cell surface receptor chains that initiate intracellular signaling cascades leading to diverse cellular functions. Amino acid sequence analysis of the extracellular cytokine binding domains revealed two distinct receptor subclasses, class-1 and class-2 (Bazan, 1990a,b). The a-helical cytokines were subsequently defined based on the class of receptor (class 1 or class 2) they... 

Wilkinson B, Koenigsknecht-Talboo J, Grommes C, Lee CY, Landreth G (2006) Fibrillar beta-amyloid-stimulated intracellular signaling cascades require Vav for induction of respiratory burst and phagocytosis in monocytes and microglia. J Biol Chem 281 20842-20850. 

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