INTERNATIONAL TIN

National Defense Stockpile Goal for tin at 42,700 metric tons. On January 2, 1980, the Strategic and Critical Materials Transaction Authorization Act became effective. This authorizes the President to dispose of materials determined to be excessive to the current needs of the stockpile. This act provides for the sale of up to 35,600 metric tons of tin, including a contribution of up to 5100 metric tons of tin to the International Tin Council (ITC) buffer stock (see below). The GSA set up a schedule to offer about 500 metric tons of Grade A tin, for domestic sales and consumption only, every other Tuesday beginning July 1, 1980. On December 14, 1981, the restrictions on exporting the GSA tin sold were lifted sales increased immediately. Thus, from July 1, 1980, through December 11, 1981, the total GSA sales were 3170 metric tons. An additional 1815 metric tons were sold soon thereafter, mostiy to traders (10). 

P. J. Smith, Toxicological Data on Organotin Compounds, ITRI Pubhcation No. 538, International Tin Research Institute, Petivale, UK, 1977. 

M.. Puller, Industrial Uses of Inorganic Tin Chemicals, ITRI Pubhcation 499, International Tin Research Institute, Middlesex, UK, 1975. 

Thwaites, C..Ju., The.Flow-meltingonCleclrodeposited tin Coalings, No. 295, in Research Institute (Aug. 1959). (now International Tin Research Institute, Uxbridge)... 

Thwaites, C.I., PracticetHot-tinning, International Tin Research Institute, Oxbridge (.1979) See also Section 13. 5 "... 

The permission of the International Tin Research Council, London, to publish this review is gratefully acknowledged (by P.J.S.). 

Peter J. Smith (1), International Tin Research Institute, Greenford, Middlesex UB6 7AQ, England... 

Studies at the International Tin Research Institute showed that 2.5% zinc stannate strongly enhanced the flame retardant action of ATH in ethylene-acrylic rubber, and enhanced the char yield (34) (Fig. 5). 

International Tin Research Institute, Uxbridge, United Kingdom 2Tin Research Institute, Inc., Columbus, OH 43201... 

S. Patai (Ed.), The Chemistry of Functional Groups, Supplement A The Chemistry of Double-bonded Functional Groups, Vol.2. (esp. pp.1-52) Wiley, Chichester, 1989 F. Hartley and S. Patai (Eds.), The Chemistry of the Metal-carbon Bond, Wiley, Chichester, 1982 P. A. Cusack, P. J. Smith, J. D. Donaldson and S. M. Grimes, A Bibliography of X-Ray Crystal Structures of Tin Compounds, International Tin Research Institute Publication 588, 1981 Organotin Cluster Chemistry, R. R. Holmes, Acct. Chem. Research, 22, 190 (1989). 

Based on a report from the London International Tin Institute, Publication No. 665 (1986), the annual consumption of tin metal as organotin chemicals in the U.S.A., Europe and Japan is summarized in Table 632. Chemical formulae of commonly used organotin chemicals are summarized in Table 732. 

Figure 8.1 Environmental degradation scheme tor tributyltin and triphenyltin compounds. (Modified from Smith, P.J. 1978b. Structure/Activity Relationships for Di- and Triorganotin Compounds. I.T.R.I. Rep. 569. 16 pp. Avail, from International Tin Research Institute, Greenford, Middlesex, U.K. and Eisler, R. 1989. Tin hazards to fish, wildlife, and invertebrates a synoptic review. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 85(1.15). 83 pp.

Smith, P.J. 1978b. Structure/Activity Relationships for Di- and Triorganotin Compounds. I.T.R.I. Rep. 569. 16 pp. Avail, from International Tin Research Institute, Greenford, Middlesex, U.K. 

Sylph, A. 1986b. Bibliography on the Neurotoxicology of Tin and Organotin Compounds. Libr. Biblio. No. 12. Mimeo. 72 pp. Avail, from International Tin Research Institute, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PJ, England. 

Thermodynamic data for tin may be found in Tin and its Alloys and Compounds, B. T. K. Barry and C. J. Thwaits, Ellis Horwood, Chichester, 1983. The International Tin Research Institute has an informative Website at http //www.tintechnology.com, the library page of which is particularly good. 

Staff Forecast 91 Metals," Advanced Materials Processes, 24 (January 1991). Staff Various publications on tin and its compounds, including Tin and Its Uses (quarterly) Tin International (monthly) and statistical publications on tin (periodically), International Tin Research Institute, Middlesex, England. 

International Tin Research Institnte (ITRI) Ltd http //www.itri.co.uk/index.htm Tin http //me.mit.edU/2.0l/Taxonomy/Characteri8tics/Tin.html USGS Minerals Information, Tin http //minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commo dity/tin/... 

Test of the Tinning of the Metal.—Tests are made especially for lead and arsenic in the internal tinning. 

The authors thank Dr. D. G. Gillies, Royal Holloway College, University of London, Dr. T. N. Mitchell, University of Dortmund, and Dr. D. S. Rycroft, University of Glasgow, for helpful comments and for providing 119Sn NMR data in advance of publication. The International Tin Research Council, London, is gratefully acknowledged for permission to publish this article. 

Luijten J, Klimmer O. 1978. [A toxicological assessment of organotin compounds.] In Smith PJ, ed. Toxicological data on organotin compounds. D. Appendix. Middlesex, England International Tin Research Institute, 11-20. ITRI Publication No. 538. (German)... 

Smith PJ. 1978. Toxicological data on organotin compounds. Middlesex, England International Tin Research Institute, 1-10. ITRI Publication No. 538. 

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