International Classification of Sleep

International Classification of Sleep Disorders Diagnostic and Coding Manual (1990). Rochester, MN American Sleep Disorders Association. 

The International Classification of Sleep Disorders lists 88 types, with insomnia the most prominent symptom for many of these (17). Chronic insomnia is the most common sleep problem for which patients consult practitioners (18) and usually reflects psychological/ behavioral disturbances ( 19). Differences in treatment recommendations support the distinction between DSM-IV and the International Classification for Sleep Disorders ( 20). The DSM-IV divides primary disorders into two major groups the dyssomnias (in which the predominant disturbance is the amount, quality, or timing of sleep) and the parasomnias (in which the predominant disturbance is an abnormal event occurring during sleep) (7). 

Insomnia is a complaint, not a disease. The causes of insomnia are classified both in the DSM-IV for psychiatrists and in the International Classification of Sleep Disorders for sleep experts (Table 8—3). Insomnia can be a primary problem, or it can be secondary to medical or psychiatric disorders or to medications. Insomnia can also be due psychophysiological factors such as stress or to circadian rhythm distur-... 

Of the 88 sleep disorders listed in the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (12), the better-known and more prevalent disorders are the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, insomnia, restless legs syndrome/periodic limb movement disorder, and narcolepsy (see also Chap. 5).These sleep disorders are common, and are known to interfere with the quality of sleep this chapter addresses the socioeconomic impact of these disorders. 

Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF, Kupfer DJ, Thorpy MJ, Bixler E, Manfredi R, Kales A, Vgontzas A, Stepanski E, Roth T et al. (1994) Clinical diagnoses in 216 insomnia patients using the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, DSM-IV and ICD-10 categories A report from the APA/NIMH DSM-IV field trial. Sleep 17 630-637... 

American Academy of Sleep Medicine (2001) International Classification of sleep disorders, revised Diagnostic and coding manual. American Academy of Sleep Medicine, Chicago... 

Diagnostic Classification Steering Committee (1990) International classification of sleep disorders. Diagnostic and coding manual. American Sleep Disorders Association, Rochester... 

The International Classification of Sleep Disorders [11] considers severity criteria as a guide to be applied in conjunction with consideration of the patient s clinical status. Mild insomnia refers to an almost nightly complaint of an insufficient amount of sleep or not feeling rested after the habitual sleep episode. There is little or no... 

Primary insomnia includes a number of insomnia diagnoses according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, including psychophysiological insomnia and idiopathic insomnia [11]. Psychophysiological insomnia most closely resembles primary insomnia. Individuals with idiopathic or childhood-onset insomnia show a lifelong inability to obtain adequate sleep there is no evidence of medical or psychiatric disorders that could account for the sleep disturbance. In sleep disor-... 

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