Internal waves

Fig. A3.1. Some lowest-order diagrams for the temperature GF (A3.6). The dashed and solid lines correspond to the GF for high-frequency and resonance low-frequency vibrations of a molecular planar lattice in the harmonic approximation (see Eq. (A3.9) and (A3.10)). Each vertex is associated with the factor -y/N, the integration and summation being performed over each vertex coordinates r, from 0 to / , and over all internal wave vectors K. At ptiClK 1, the main contribution is provided by a-type diagrams.184...

This is a matter of considerable controversy given the current lack of consensus on the importance of winds and tidally driven internal waves in driving meridional overturning circulation. Nevertheless, evidence for changes in circulation have been construed from a freshening of low-latitude surfece seawater in the Atlantic Ocean and a slowdown in NADW formation between 1998 and 2004. 

Eddy pumping Vertical water displacement caused by internal waves. 

Gregg M.C., Sanford T.B., and Winkel D.P. (2003) Reduced mixing from the breaking of internal waves in equatorial waters. Nature 422, 513-515. 

The nucleons interact with each other by means of nuclear forces (the strong interaction), which leads to the formation of a dense nucleus with the radius 10 13 cm. In addition, the nucleons also interact with electrons and other nuclei of the molecule by means of electromagnetic forces, owing to which the nucleus takes part in the vibratory motion of the molecule. Since the electromagnetic forces are considerably weaker than the strong forces, they can only displace the nucleus as a whole but cannot produce any noticeable changes in the shape of the nucleon cloud. This means that the internal wave function of the nucleus depends weakly on the center-of-mass coordinate R4 and may be calculated for the equilibrium value R° of the latter. 

However, since the internal Hamiltonian only acts on the internal wave function, the variational functional, becomes... 

We will now demonstrate that the variational wave function in the form eqn.(20) can be formally separated into a product of an internal wave function and a wave function of the CM motion. This is mandatory for any variational non-adiabatic wave function in order to provide required separability of the internal and external degrees of freedom. To demonstrate this let us consider an iV-particle system with masses mi, m2, An example of a wave function for this system which separates to a product of the internal and external components is... 

The behaviour of a composite quantum system under space inversion may be affected if its constituent particles have intrinsic parity. Consider a composite bound system with a Hamiltonian which is invariant under space inversion. Let ma be the mass of constituent particle a with internal wave function ipa, -e. 

It is clearly necessary to take account of this property of a to establish the parity of the composite system involving a. The particle a is said to be scalar or pseudoscalar, with intrinsic parity of +1 or -1 if, for space inversion its internal wave function does not, or does change sign. 

Young W. R., Rhines P. B., and Garrett C. (1982) Shear-flow dispersion, internal waves and horizontal mixing in the ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 12(6), 515-527. 

Polzin et al. (1995) were able to find a scaling of the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy in terms of the frequency distribution of energy within the deep-ocean internal wave field for wave fields that differed from the Garret-Munk model. 

This result suggests that the dissipation of kinetic energy in the stratified layers may vary in space and time as the total energy of the internal wave field varies in the Baltic Sea. 

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