Intermittent obstruction

Fig. 1.1. 12. Antegrade pyelography combined with the Whitaker test. Intermittent obstruction at the ureteropelvic junction in a child with equivocal results on diuresis renography. Constant flow renal perfusion (5 cc/min). Transient peak in pelvic and differential pressures are shown and complete the criteria for obstruction...

MAGS diuretic renogram over 20 minutes with Post Mict. images in an infant with intermittent obstruction... 

Based on a LOAEL of 2 ppm for respiratory effects—bronchial obstruction (30% change in airway resistance) in 2/10 persons with asthma in the Jappinen et al. (1990) study, an acute inhalation MRL of 0.07 ppm was derived. An uncertainty factor of 30 was applied to the LOAEL 10 for the use of a LOAEL and 3 for human variability. Since persons with severe asthma were excluded from the study, an uncertainty factor of 3 is needed to protect all sensitive individuals including children. Further details on the derivation of this MRL can be found in the MRL worksheets in Appendix A of this profile. Based on aNOAEL of 30.5 ppm for respiratory effects in mice observed in the CUT (1983a) study, an intermediated MRL of 0.03 ppm was derived. The NOAEL is adjusted for intermittent exposure and the NOAEL[hec] is calculated. An uncertainty factor of 30 is then applied 3 for extrapolating from animals to humans and 10 for human variability. Further details on this MRL can be found in the MRL worksheets in Appendix A of this profile. 

Many disorders benefit from exercise (Pederson Saltin, 2005). These include asthma, cancer, chronic heart failure, coronary artery disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), depression, type 1 diabetes melUtus, type 2 diabetes melUtus, hypertension, intermittent claudication, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis and obesity. 

Up to 1 mL solution for inhalation, 0.2% (2 mg) can be administered with the intermittent flow system to severely obstructed patients. 

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which is typically characterized by intermittent hypoxia/reoxygena-tion (IFIR), is a common finding in patients with heart failure and is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease [62-64]. OSA has been shown to result in activation of selective markers of inflammation, which could be the basis of the molecular mechanism of the cardiovascular disease seen in these patients [65]. The OSA syndrome has been shown to significantly increase the risk of... 

Ryan S, Taylor CT, McNicholas WT. Selective activation of inflammatory pathways by intermittent hypoxia in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Circulation. Oct 25 2005 112(17) 2660-2667. 

MNGIE [21] Intermittent diarrhea and intestinal pseudo-obstruction (myoneurogastrointestinal encephalopathy). Mutations in the thymidine-phosphorylase-encoding gene leads to multiple mtDNA deletion and anomalies in mtDNA synthesis. 

The aim has been to produce peripheral arteriolar vasodilatation without a concurrent significant drop in blood pressure, so that an increased blood flow in the limbs will result. Drugs are naturally more useful in patients in whom the decreased flow of blood is due to spasm of the vessels (Raynaud s phenomenon) than where it is due to organic obstructive changes that may make dilatation in response to drugs impossible (arteriosclerosis, intermittent claudication, Buerger s disease). 

Hypothyroidism Obstructive liver disease Nephrotic syndrome Anorexia nervosa Acute intermittent porphyria Drugs Progestins, thiazide diuretics, glucocorticoids, / -blockers, isotretinoin, protease inhibitors, cyclosporine, mirtazapine, sirolimus Obesity... 

Asthma is characterized by either the intermittent or persis- tent presence of highly variable degrees of airway obstruction from airway wall inflammation and bronchial smooth muscle constriction. 

Visceral obstructions in children, dropsy Hemorrhoidal pains Rheumatism Eye diseases, snakebite Increase uterine contractions during childbirth, anthelmintic, fever, cholera, blood pressure, snakebite Boils, intestinal worms Inflammatory swellings Hemorrhoids, fevers, impotency, gonorrhea, rheumatism Tonic for dyspepsia, pain after meals accompanied by diarrhea, leprosy, chronic syphilitic and other eruptions, intermittent fevers, epilepsy... 

Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is an uncommon but well recognized clinical entity characterized by compression of the third, or transverse, portion of the duodenum against the aorta by the SMA, resulting in chronic, intermittent or acute complete or partial duodenal obstruction. Clinical symptoms are chronic upper abdominal symptoms such as epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting (bilious or partially digested food), postprandial discomfort and sometimes subacute small bowel obstruction. The stomach can be massively dilated and perforation has been described (Carty et al. 2005 Parker 2003). 

Complications of Hirschsprung s disease include an enterocolitis with or without intraluminal air, intermittent dilatation after surgical treatment which may give a picture of pseudo-obstruction. Following a Duhamel procedure ( pull through procedure) there may be persistent narrowing at the anastomosis site. 

Clinical presentation. Bile duct complications develop within 2 months of chemoembolization but some may develop at a later stage [27]. Most patients with biliary strictures remain asymptomatic until the lumen of the bile duct is sufficiently narrowed to cause resistance to the flow of bile. Occasionally, patients may have intermittent episodes of RUQ (biliary colic), with or without laboratory features of biliary obstruction. 

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