Intermediate homogeneous mixing

Limited formation of mixed crystals occurs when the two components have different structures, as for example in the case of indium and cadmium. Mixed crystals containing much indium and little cadmium have the structure of indium, while those containing little indium and much cadmium have the cadmium structure. At intermediate compositions a gap is observed, i.e. there are no homogeneous mixed crystals, but instead a mixture of crystals rich in indium and crystals rich in cadmium is formed. This situation can even... 

Neutralization. The intermediate product from the reactor must be neutralized immediately, as hydrolysis may occur and badly affect the process and the product quality. This is achieved in a double-step continuous neutralization unit. The multi-bladed mixer gives exceptionally homogeneous mixing (30). 

It is well known in semiconductor physics that most homogeneous mixed crystals of semiconductors have electronic bands intermediate between those of the pure components. This can be explained theoretically on the basis of the... 

Another strategy for in situ activation, used for the s3uithesis of aliphatic cellulose esters, is the exploitation of DCC in combination with 4-pyrrolidinopyridine (PP) [35]. Among the advantages of this method are the high reactivity of the intermediately formed mixed anhydride with PP and a completely homogeneous reaction in DMA/LiCl up to hexanoic acid. If the reaction is carried out with the anhydrides of carboxylic acids, the carboxylic acid liberated is recycled by forming the mixed anhydride with PP, which is applied only in a catalytic amount. The toxic DCC can be recycled from the reaction mixture (Fig. 16.4). In addition, the method is utilized to obtain unsaturated esters (e.g. methacrylic-, cinnamic-, and vinyl acetic acid esters) and esters of aromatic... 

In a homogeneous mixed valent material an electron must temporarily leave the 4f shell. After the valence transition from 4" to 4f it occupies one of the Wannier states of the outer 5d6s shell on the atom in question. It may get there in more than one intermediate step, but it must end up in the valence electron shell of the same atom because of local charge neutrality, at least in a metal. In the reverse transition... 

For the production of interleaf-repressing materials, textile fabrics made of aramid filament yarns are alternately arranged in layers with intermediate layers of thermoplastics or elastomers. In a next step, they are pressed into a composite. In doing so, it is not necessary to obtain a homogeneous mixing of fiber and matrix material as is necessary with fiber-reinforced materials. Quite the contrary is desired the aim is the reduction of energy. 

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