Intermacromolecular Interactions Applied to Ecological Protection

The formation of intermacromolecular complexes is considered to be very effective in removing and utilizing waste materials. In practice, polyelectrolytes are well-known as flocculants. Intermacromolecular complexes have the following advantages  

However, theoretical conclusions on the aggregation of waste materials with polyelectrolytes are insufficiently grounded in view of the fact that polyelectrolytes are widely used as flocculants519). This method may be applied to protein fractionation which is of fundamental importance in preventing medicine and clinical treatment593,594). 

Moreover, intermacromolecular complex formation is applied to selective recovery of organic and metallic ions. For example, as shown in Table 27, Cu2+ ion is much more effectively precipitated by the polyelectrolyte complex than by one of its components520. Furthermore, polyelectrolyte complexes including some metal ions have been studied in recent years (see Sect. 3.2.). Crown ethers can bind certain cations they especially exhibit high affinity to K+. Smid et al.S21) synthesized poly(vinylbenzo-[18]-crown-6). Such polymers containing crown ether with K+ behave like polycations in solution and can interact with polyanions such as poly(carboxyHc acid) to generate a kind of polyelectrolyte complexes. Moreover, PAA may interact with the ether oxy- 

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