Interleukins vitamin

Joshi BH, Hogaboam C, Dover P, Husain SR, Puri RK. Role of interleukin-13 in cancer, pulmonary fibrosis, and other T(H)2-type diseases. Vitamins and Hormones 2006, 74, 479-504. 

Increases in plasma S-AA levels have previously been reported in patients with coronary disease (57). S-AA and plasma intracellular adhesion molecule-1 were elevated in patients with CAD and hyperhomocysteinemia, but only S-AA decreased after vitamin supplementation (35). Homocysteine activates nuclear factor- in endothelial cells, possibly via oxidative stress (58), and increases monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells (59). Additionally, it stimulates interleukin-8 expression in human endothelial cultures (60). These inflammatory factors are known to participate in the development of atherosclerosis. Taken together, these reports suggest an association of elevated tHcy and low-grade inflammation in CAD. 

In experimental animals, vitamin E deficiency depresses immune system function, with reduced mitogenesis of B and T lymphocytes, reduced phagocytosis and chemotaxis, and reduced production of antibodies and interleukin-2. This suggests a signaling role in the immune system (Moriguchi and Muraga, 2000). 

Birchfield GR, Rodgers GM, Girodias KW, Ward JH, Samlowski WE. Hypoprothrombinemia associated with interleukin-2 therapy correction with vitamin K. J Immunother 1992 ll(l) 71-5. 

The plasma concentration of calcium is kept remarkably constant throughout life at about 8.8-10.3 mg/dL (2.20-2.58 mmol/L). The normal serum calcium concentration is maintained by the integrated actions of parathyroid hormone (PTH) vitamin D metabolites, calcitonin, and cytokines such as transforming growth factor and interleukin-6. The principal target sites for these hormones... 

Alroy, I., Towers, T.L. and Freedman, L.P. (1995) Transcriptional repression of the interleukin-2 gene by vitamin D3 direct inhibition of NFATp/AP-1 complex formation by a nuclear hormone receptor. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 15, 5789-5799. 

Oxholm, A. et al. (1989) Expression of interleukin-6-like molecules and tumour necrosis factor after topical treatment of psoriasis with a new vitamin D analogue (MC 903). Acto Dermato-Venereologica, 69, 385-390. 

The claimed health-promoting activities exerted by bifidobacteria are numerous, and include establishment of a healthy microbiota in preterm infants, cholesterol reduction, lactose intolerance, prevention of infectious diarrhea, prevention of cancer, protection against infectious diseases, modulation of mucosal barrier function, amino acid and vitamin production, inhibition of nitrate reduction, stimulation of calcium uptake by enterocytes, short-chain fatty acid production, stimulation of intestinal epithelia through induction of anti-inflammatory c5dokine interleukin (IL)-IO and junctional adhesion molecules. ... 

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