Interface roughening

H. C. Kang, W. H. Weinberg. Interface roughening and kinetics of poisoning in a surface reaction. J Chem Phys 700 1630-1633, 1994. 

In order to investigate molecules adsorbed at the solid-liquid interface roughened electrode surfaces or metal colloids in solution (sols) are prepared. For investigations of the solid-gas or solid-vapour interface several methods are available to produce metal island films on SERS-active substrates. 

Systems of disclinations interacting via the Hamiltonian of Eq. (2.47) have been studied in Monte Carlo simulations of the Laplacian roughening model, a model for interface roughening which is dual to the disclination system [118]. In simulations of this model on a triangular... 

Cho, Y. K., Interface roughening transition and grain growth in BaTiOs and NbC-Co, PhD thesis, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea, 2003. 

In order to overcome these problems simulation methods are useful direct structural informations including mesostructures, detailed shape of surfaces, interface roughening, chain conformation and transformations can be obtained some of them are not obtained by experimental methods mentioned above. 

Surface preparation of the dental implant prior to implantation wiH have an effect on corrosion behavior, initial metal ion release, and interface tissue response (316). The titanium and titanium aHoy dental implants in present use have many forms to assist bone ingrowth attachment including cylinders with holes, screw threaded surfaces, porous surfaces, and other types of roughened surfaces. Methods used to produce porous surfaces iaclude arc plasma... 

Polymer-polymer fractal interfaces may result from the interdiffusion of monomers or of polymers themselves. Koizumi et al. [31] annealed the interface between polystyrene and a styrene-isoprene diblock polymer at 150 C and showed extensive roughening of the interface by mutual interdiffusion on a micron scale (Fig. 8). 

Most polymer pairs are thermodynamically incompatible, in the sense that their free energy of mixing is positive. This does not mean that there is absolutely no interdiffusion at all at the interface between them adjacent to the interface limited interdiffusion occurs, which can be seen as an increasing of the low surface entropy implied by a smooth surface [30-33]. This nanoscale roughening of an interface can increase the adhesion between the polymers. 

More extensive roughening of an interface between incompatible polymers can be obtained by use of various types of copolymer, introduced at the interface as putative compatibilisers. The interface may be strengthened, as a result of interdiffusion and roughening on a nanoscale. Many elegant experiments have been done in this area. 

Thus this adhesion hysteresis is a result of a time-dependent roughening of the interface. It shows that roughness at an interface may actually develop as a result of bringing the two phases together as a result of the intrinsic properties of the surface molecules. 

Natterniann. Roughening transition of interfaces in disordered systems. Phys Rev Lett S7 1469 (1998). 

When the bulk transition is of first order, the above mentioned arguments based on dimensionality do not apply and the would be roughening transition temperature T j may be larger than the bulk transition temperature T, in which case there is simply no roughening transition. The situation is further complicated by the wetting phenomena. When we approach T from below, the disordered phase becomes metastable and may wet the interface a large layer of disordered phase develops in between the two ordered domains. 

Unfortunately, even for low molecular weight material it is difficult to obtain clear experimental evidence for a roughening transition [71]. This is mainly due to the fact that during growth the interface generally assumes a metastable shape and relaxation times are long and increase with crystal size. Therefore we certainly cannot expect a definitive answer for macromolecules. We shall therefore just make several comments which hopefully will be of use when reading the literature. 

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