Interface polymer/electrode

By comparing impedance results for polypyrrole in electrolyte-polymer-electrolyte and electrode-polymer-electrolyte systems, Des-louis et alm have shown that the charge-transfer resistance in the latter case can contain contributions from both interfaces. Charge-transfer resistances at the polymer/electrode interface were about five times higher than those at the polymer/solution interface. Thus the assignments made by Albery and Mount,203 and by Ren and Pickup145 are supported, with the caveat that only the primary source of the high-frequency semicircle was identified. Contributions from the polymer/solution interface, and possibly from the bulk, are probably responsible for the deviations from the theoretical expressions/45... 

Theoretical aspects of mediation and electrocatalysis by polymer-coated electrodes have most recently been reviewed by Lyons.12 In order for electrochemistry of the solution species (substrate) to occur, it must either diffuse through the polymer film to the underlying electrode, or there must be some mechanism for electron transport across the film (Fig. 20). Depending on the relative rates of these processes, the mediated reaction can occur at the polymer/electrode interface (a), at the poly-mer/solution interface (b), or in a zone within the polymer film (c). The equations governing the reaction depend on its location,12 which is therefore an important issue. Studies of mediation also provide information on the rate and mechanism of electron transport in the film, and on its permeability. 

An electrochemical capacitor is a device that stores electrical energy in the electrical double layer that forms at the interface between an electrolytic solution and an electronic conductor. The term applies to charged carbon—carbon systems as well as carbon-battery electrode and conducting polymer electrode combinations sometimes called ultracapacitors, supercapacitors, or hybrid capacitors. 

Blakesley JC, Greenham NC (2009) Charge transfer at polymer-electrode interfaces the effect of energetic disorder and thermal injection on band bending and open-circuit voltage. J Appl Phys 106 034507... 

Since the calcium or other metals used so far as electrodes must be rigorously protected from the atmosphere to prevent degradation further applications have to find stable electrode materials. Also, the attainable electric currents and the efficiency of the polymeric LED depends sensitively on the polymer-electrode interface. 

Koch N, Kahn A, Ghijsen J, Pireaux J-J, Schwartz J, Johnson RL, Elschner A (2003) Conjugated organic molecules on metal versus polymer electrodes demonstration of a key energy level alignment mechanism. Appl Phys Lett 82 70 Cahen D, Kahn A (2003) Electron energetics at surfaces and interfaces concepts and... 

The barrier is to be constructed of three layers of pol miers consisting of a protonconducting electrolyte (electronic insulator) sandwiched between electronically conductive polymer electrodes. Candidate pol5mier compositions will be selected based upon existing knowledge. If this knowledge is not sufficient, new or modified compositions will be developed. Appropriate catalyst materials will be added at the electrolyte/electrode interfaces. 

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