Interconnect process trends

The goal of a conceptual design for a continuous process is to select the process units and the interconnections between these units, identify the dominant design variables and estimate the optimum design conditions, and identify the process alternatives and find the best four or so alternatives. For batch processes, we must also decide which units should be batch and which should be continuous, whether or not some process operations should be carried out in the same process unit or separate units, whether or not parallel units should be used, and how much intermediate storage is required. Thus, batch processes require more decisions to fix the structure of the flowsheet (there are more alternatives to consider). Since there are many situations in which it must be decided whether to develop a batch or a continuous process, both procedures should be present in a general conceptual design code, whereas the current trend is to develop separate codes for batch processes. 

The interconnection between the problems of environment, economical development and demographical processes is sensed in urban agglomerations to the highest extent. In a big city, a specific natural technogenic ecosystem is formed, wifli new trends in biological processes of exchanging the energy and chemical snbstances. These processes determine, to a certain extent, the urban environment quality. 

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