Interaction field strength

In the previous sections we have described the interaction of the electromagnetic field with matter, that is, tlie way the material is affected by the presence of the field. But there is a second, reciprocal perspective the excitation of the material by the electromagnetic field generates a dipole (polarization) where none existed previously. Over a sample of finite size this dipole is macroscopic, and serves as a new source tenu in Maxwell s equations. For weak fields, the source tenu, P, is linear in the field strength. Thus,... 

That the synergistic action of an electron donor (Na8+) and electron acceptor (O5") promoter can cause dramatic enhancement in rate and selectivity. This is very likely due to the increase in the field strength, E, of the effective double layer discussed in Chapters 5 and 6 and to the concomitant enhanced interaction with the adsorbate dipoles, leading to more pronounced promotional behaviour (Chapter 6). 

Many of the initial theoretical models used to vahdate the concept of coherent control and optimal control have been based on the interaction of the electric field of the laser light with a molecular dipole moment [43, 60, 105]. This represents just the first, or lowest, term in the expression for the interaction of an electric field with a molecule. Many of the successful optimal control experiments have used electric fields that are capable of ionizing the molecules and involve the use of electric field strengths that lead to major distortions of the molecular electronic structure. With this in mind, there has been discussion in the... 

In summary, a key aspect to the utility of U-series isotopes in the study of arc lavas is that whereas Th and Pa are observed and predicted to behave as relatively immobile high field strength elements (HFSE), Ra and (under oxidizing conditions) U behave like large ion lithophile elements (LILE) and are significantly mobilized in aqueous fluids. Fluid-wedge interaction will only serve to increase these fractionations. Just how robust the experimental partition coefficients are remains to be established by future experiments. 

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