Interaction Field Modified Hamiltonian method

A variety of methodologies have been implemented for the reaction field. The basic equation for the dielectric continuum model is the Poisson-Laplace equation, by which the electrostatic field in a cavity with an arbitrary shape and size is calculated, although some methods do not satisfy the equation. Because the solute s electronic strucmre and the reaction field depend on each other, a nonlinear equation (modified Schrddinger equation) has to be solved in an iterative manner. In practice this is achieved by modifying the electronic Hamiltonian or Fock operator, which is defined through the shape and size of the cavity and the description of the solute s electronic distribution. If one takes a dipole moment approximation for the solute s electronic distribution and a spherical cavity (Onsager s reaction field), the interaction can be derived rather easily and an analytical expression of theFock operator is obtained. However, such an expression is not feasible for an arbitrary electronic distribution in an arbitrary cavity fitted to the molecular shape. In this case the Fock operator is very complicated and has to be prepared by a numerical procedure. 

The most serious limitation remaining after modifying the reaction field method as mentioned above is the neglect of solute polarizability. The reaction field that acts back on the solute will affect its charge distribution as well as the cavity shape as the equipotential surface changes. To solve this problem while still using the polarizable continuum model (PCM) for the solvent, one has to calculate the surface charges on the solute by quantum chemical methods and represent their interaction with the solvent continuum as in classical electrostatics. The Hamiltonian of the system thus is written as the sum of the Hamilton operator for the isolated solute molecule and its interaction with the macroscopic... 

The most used QM treatments are those that describe implicitly the solvent as a continuum dielectric (Figure 2.2b-d) [49-51]. In these methods, the usual Hamiltonian is modified to include the solvation energy as an additional term in which the solute-solvent system is described by means of the interaction between the dipole /r of the solute and a dielectric continuum of electric permittivity e, thus generating a reactive field g ... 

All the calculations reported in this work were done on a DEC 20-60 using a modified version of the GAUSSIAN 80 series of program (6). Standard ST0-3G minimal basis set (7) was considered. Polarizabilities were calculated by the finite-field SCF method of Cohen and Roothaan (8) which is virtually equivalent to the analytic Coupled Hartree-Fock scheme. A term yf, describing the interaction between the electric field, E, and the molecule is added to the unperturbed molecular Hamiltonian, H y is the total dipole moment of the molecule. At the Hartree-Fock level, the electric field appears explicitly in the one-electron part of the modified Fock operator, F( ),... 

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