Inter-cooling

Kremser-Brown-Sherwood Method — No Heat of Absorption, 108 Absorption — Determine Component Absorption in Fixed Tray Tower, 108 Absorption — Determine Number of Trays for Specified Product Absorption, 109 Stripping — Determine Theoretical Trays and Stripping or Gas Rate for a Component Recovery, 110 Stripping — Determine Stripping-Medium Rate for Fixed Recovery, 111 Absorption — Edmlster Method, 112 Example 8-33 Absorption of Hydrocarbons with Lean Oil, 114 Inter-cooling for Absorbers, 116 Absorption and Stripping Efficiency, 118 Example 8-34 Determine Number of Trays for Specified Product Absorption, 118 Example 8-35 Determine Component Absorption in Fixed-Tray Tower, 119 Nomenclature for Part 2, 121... 

Notice that reheat and inter-cool increase the net work of the gas turbine cycle, but not necessarily the efficiency, unless a regenerator is also added. 

The ammonia synthesis loop consists of two stages. Makeup gas is compressed in a two-stage inter-cooled compressor, which is the low-pressure casing of the syngas compressor. Discharge pressure of this compressor is about 110 bar. An indirectly cooled once-through converter at this location produces one third of the total ammonia. Effluent from this converter is cooled and the major part of the ammonia produced is separated from the gas. 

Multistage compression arrangement with inter-cooling... 

The HTR-IOGT project is featured by a closed recuperated and inter-cooled Brayton Cycle consisting of the reactor core, a helium turbine, a recuperator, a pre-cooler, a low pressure compressor, an inter-cooler and a high pressure compressor, as shown in Figure 2. 

KBR offer various schemes for production of ammonia. The most widely used converter is the KBR horizontal inter cooled ammonia converter using iron based ammonia synthesis catalyst. The ammonia loop is of the inert free type, because the synthesis gas is treated in a molecular sieve unit followed by a cold box (purifier unit). The make-up gas is mixed directly with the recirculating gas in the synthesis gas compressor. The ammonia chillers for condensing the ammonia product are combined in one unit (unitised chiller)... 

Inter-cooling and reheating improve specific output rather than efficiency, although efficiency improvements would occur over a narrow range of cycle conditions. 

Inter-cooling or reheating can be used to overcome the recuperation heat transfer problem. Practical cycles would normally involve a combination of techniques which would always include recuperation. 

To enhance the output of high pressure steam produced by the waste heat boiler, the Uhde Company also proposed a sjmthesis loop with two converters and two waste heat boilers (Fig. 9.6) which were applied in the process with residual oil as raw materials and the cryogenic purification. The loop pressure is 16 MPa, the first converter has two beds, inter-cooled, radial-flow, and the outlet temperature of syngas is 473°C. The outlet gas goes through the waste heat boiler to by-produce high pressure steam then enters the second converter. 

The characteristics of this device are single-series and large, and its core is a KAAP converter. This converter has the flowing characteristics (1) Hot-wall design was adopted first (2) This converter is a radial-flow, four bed and inter-cooled, the first four bed inter-cooled ammonia converter contained in one shell (3) The first bed contains an iron catalyst, which accounts for about half the total catalyst... 

Substitute natural gas (SNG) may be obtained by methanation of CRG process gas with a stable nickel-alumina catalyst after removal of the carbon dioxide formed in the conventional process. Gas containing more than 98% methane can be produced. The CRG process is operated at low steam ratio to maximize methane production. Two stages of methanation follow the CRG reactor and inter-cooling is required to control the temperature. Standard alkalized, high nickel... 

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