Intensity-modulated photovoltage spectroscopy

The basic measurement technique for intensity-modulated photovoltage spectroscopy (IMVS) is the same as for IMPS. In principle, IMVS measurements can be made for any constant current condition, but in practice it is usual to make measurements under conditions where the net current is zero. In the case of a photoelectrochemical solar cell, this corresponds to the open-circuit condition, and a high impedance voltage amplifier is used to ensure that a negligible current is drawn from the illuminated device. The output of the voltage amplifier is fed to the FRA, and the remainder of the set up is the same as for IMPS (cf. Fig. 12.26). 

We will distinguish various modes. The techniques most widely used in DSSCs are intensity modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS) which is, like IPCE, concerned with electron transport under short circuit conditions Intensity modulated photovoltage spectroscopy IMVS, which probes the competition between transport and recombination at open circuit and electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), which probes the bias-dependent electrical response, analogous to dark-current transients. Other variants, such as frequency-resolved transmittance, the frequency domain analogs of transient absorption, have been developed [50]. The techniques and... 

G. Schlichthorl, S. Y. Huang, J. Sprague et al.. Band edge movement and recombination kinetics in dye-sensitized nanocrystalline Ti02 solar cells a study by intensity modulated photovoltage spectroscopy, J. Phys. Chem. B 1997, 101(41), 8141-8155. 

Kruger J., Plass R., Gratzel M., Cameron P. J. and Peter L. M. (2003), Charge transport and back reaction in solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells a study using intensity-modulated photovoltage and photocurrent spectroscopy , J. Phys. Chem. B 107, 7536-7539. 

The prototype DSCs used liquid electrolytes, typically L/I2 in an organic solvent such as propylene carbonate. The electron generation/collection problem in this cell has been discussed analytically with the help of intensity-modulated photocurrent and photovoltage spectroscopy [314]. A particularly challenging issue has been the replacement of the liquid electrolyte with a solid charge-transport material... 

---