Intensity map

Siirprinsingly, despite very different diffu.se intensity maps, we find nearly concentration independent interactions (figure. 3). The similarity between the two sets of interactions is unexpected since there is an important difference of concentration between the two samples, and the experiments have been done at different temperatures. Meanwhile, this proves that the long ranged interactions [V, ...,Vq) are significant. In particular, Vg (which corresponds to the vector ( 0), in units of the fee cube) is relatively high and stable for both sets. 

As explained above, despite the fact that the interactions do not depend on the concentration, the diffuse intensity maps of Ala V and AtgC are very different. This behavior is in total contradiction with a mean field approach According to the Krivoglaz-Clapp-Moss formula", a minimum of V (c/) corresponds of a maximum of mean field approach cannot explain the topology changes observed in the diffuse intensity maps. 

The above result show that the concentration dependaiice of the Intensity maps is purely a statistical mechanics effect. In order to illustrate this important conclusion, we calculate disordered state, at concentration c=, with the V s obtained at the composition PtsV (figure 4). 150 K above the transition temperature, we Indeed observe the experimentally observed splitting of the diffuse intensity maxima, with a saddle point at (100). 

Fig. 5 The crystal structure of the antibody-octapeptide complex, with STD-NMR intensities mapped onto the bound peptide. Residues of the antibody combining site are shown in purple, with selected residues labeled, and the direction of the backbone indicated in ribbon representation. Residues of the peptide are labeled in italics. Heavy atoms of the peptide are shown in gray, while the default color for hydrogen atoms is white. Observed STD-NMR intensities are mapped onto hydrogen atoms of the peptide by color, with red indicating 50-100% enhancement, orange 30-50% enhancement, a.nd yellow < 30% enhancement. Protons that are definitely not enhanced are shown in black those for which no enhancement could be determined (due to interference by other resonances, or not observable in the ID spectrum) remain white. Reproduced with permission from [100]. 2004 Elsevier Science...

Fig. 12.14. Resonance Raman imaging results for the macular pigment distribution in the retina of a volunteer subject, a Typical gray-scale image obtained after subtraction of fluorescence background from pixel intensity map containing Raman response and superimposed fluorescence background, b Gray-scaled, three-dimensional representation of gray-scale image...

Fig. 18. Difference intensity map between diffraction patterns from afully active and a relaxed fish muscle (Mok et aL, 2005). Generally, dark colors show intensity drops and green, yellow, and red show intensity increases. Generally, the myosin layer lines have dropped in intensity (black arrows), and many of the actin layer lines have increased in intensity (white arrows), especially layer line A2. However, the outer part of A1 has dropped in intensity (double-headed black arrow). There are also clearly some shifts in axial spacing of the peaks these are especially visible along the meridian.

FIGURE 9 PL peak intensity mapping in a 10-pm sided square. The intensity has 1-pm order inhomogeneity. 

Figure 17.12 Calculated intensity map in the Jiy plane of a 123nm diameter gold nanoaperture at a position Snm above the substrate. Excitation is at 633nm wavelength from the substrate.

A difference in irradiation uniformity can be observed between higher and lower settings of lamp power (Fig. 3A and B) (17) or when the lamp or filters are changed. The result of the irradiation intensity mapping will to a certain extent also be dependent on the spectral sensitivity of the measuring device due to wavelength-dependent reflection or scattering of the incident radiation. 

Radiation intensity mapping of the test chamber is essential to ensure that samples are placed at points of equal irradiance. Sample presentation is of great importance and the containers employed should be of known transmittance. 

As shown in Chapter 13 of this book on chambers and mapping, each type of source (spot, bar, multiple spot, or multiple bar) has its own intensity map. Little attention has been paid to the effect of sources interacting with one another and their chambers. It is very probable that there would be both additive and subtractive phenomena observed in chambers with multiple lamps. 

Chamber irradiation intensity mapping involves measurement of the irradiance (measured in Watts/m, near UV region, 300 00 nm) and illuminance (measured as lumen/m or Lux, VIS intensity) at different locations of the sample exposure surface... 

Several examples of the mapping of chambers to determine the homogeneity of irradiation intensity have been presented at photostability conferences (15-17). An example of irradiance and illuminance intensity mapping of a photostability chamber is shown in Figure 5. 

Figure 6 Correlation between (upper) ultraviolet UVA intensity map (measured by an IL 17000 radiometer with a UVA detector) and (lower) the amount of photodegradation of a UVA photosensitive drug as a function of sample position in the chamber. All measurements made in a Suntest CPS-H photostability chamber equipped with a Xenon-arc lamp, Atlas Materials Testing Technologies, Chicago, IL, U.S.A.

Figure 37 (A) Irradiance and (B) Illuminance intensity maps of individual 120cm long fluorescent lamps. Source Courtesy of Nick Turner and GlaxoSmithKline.

Visible Light intensity Mapping Measured in Building 82 Photostability Chamber on 6/11/99... 

Fig. 11.10 A representative imaging scheme using SERS multiplexing, (a) A general concept scheme. Distribution of several targets can be imaged from a single scan by Raman intensity mapping of specific SERS band of each SERS tag, and (b) an example by Woo et al. [71]. The three different SERS intensity maps correspond to distributions of CD34, Sca-1, and SP C proteins on tissue sample. They were obtained by single scan at the pre-selected area...

Fig. 15.7 (a) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of two intersected ZnO nanobelts. Raman intensity map of two nanobelts shown in (a), (b) E2 mode, (c) Ai(TO) mode, (d) Boolean map of the full width at the half maximum of the E2 mode, (e) intensity map of the silicon signal at 520 cm showing the modulation in different belts, (f) Schematic shows the waveguiding of the Raman scattered light from the substrate along the c-axis (Reprinted from [44])... 

Fig. 15.8 Confocal Raman microscopy and SNOM images of a locally stressed SiC crystal (a) Rayleigh intensity map. (b), (c) Spectral position maps of fitted TO and LO phonon lines obtained by fitting a Lorentzian peak, (d) Topography of the indent, (e) SNOM amplitude for cOiR = 924 cm. (f) SNOM amplitude for (0 = 944 cm (Reprinted from [68])...

Map interpretation is sometimes delicate. This is because the intensities mapped are total intensities, or at best net intensities, not corrected for matrix effects. A variation in intensity for an element present at low loading may thus correspond to a change in matrix as well as to a change In the element concentration level. 

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