Intensity contour diagrams

Figure 13. Cartesian [center-of-mass (CM)] contour diagrams for NH+ produced from reaction of N+ with H2. Numbers indicate relative product intensity corresponding to each contour. Direction of N+ reactant beam is 0° in center-of-mass system. For clarity, beam profiles have been displaced from their true positions (located by dots and 0°). Tip of velocity vector of center of mass with respect to laboratory system is located at origin of coordinate system (+). Scale for production velocities in center-of-mass system is shown at bottom left of each diagram (a) reactant N+ ions formed by impact of 160-eV electrons on N2 two components can be discerned, one approximately symmetric about the center of mass and the other ascribed to N+(IZ3), forward scattered with its maximum intensity near spectator stripping velocity (b) ground-state N+(3/>) reactant ions formed in a microwave discharge in N2. Only one feature is apparent—contours are nearly symmetric about center-of-mass velocity.12 ...

The one-dimensional variations of the INADEQUATE experiment suppress the intense C- C main signal, so that both AX and AB systems appear for all C— C bonds in one spectrum. The two-dimensional variations segregate these AB systems on the basis of their individual double quantum frequencies (the sum of the C shifts of A and B) as a second dimension. Using the simple example of 1-butanol (12), Fig. 2.12a demonstrates the use of the two-dimensional INADEQUATE technique for the purpose of structure elucidation. For every C—C bond the contour diagram gives an AB system parallel to the abscissa with double quantum frequency as ordinate. By following the arrows in Fig. 2.12a, the carbon connectivities of butanol can be derived immediately. The individual AB systems may also be shown one-dimension-ally (Fig. 2.12b) the C- C coupling constants often provide useful additional information. 

Intensity/wavelength/time cross-sectional diagrams (or time-resolved fluorescence "contour" diagrams) are generated using a weighted nonlinear least squares polynomial surface procedure (20). Area-normalized TRE spectra can be used for convenient pictorial representation, since the absolute emission intensity of individual time-resolved spectra vary substantially with time after excitation. 

The relative intensity of product appearing at given LAB velocities and angles in the plane defined by the reactant beams can now be represented by intensity contours superimposed on the velocity vector diagrams.t An... 

It must be remembered that the contour diagrams discussed and shown in Fig. 9 represent intensities in the plane of the crossing beams only. To obtain total intensities, integration about the collision axis is required. It should furthermore be pointed out that the above discussion, and the transformation Jacobians and 1/F, assumes that the beams have... 

Figure 1-10. A schematic contour diagram of a synchronous 2D IR correlation spectrum 31. Shaded areas represent negative correlation intensity.

Three important parameters enter the model calculations the mass loss rate M, the stellar radius R and the temperature parameter T . The fit of the helium line profiles of HD 50896 requires a final wind velocity of 1700 km/s. Hence, we now calculate a small grid of models in the appropriate range of R and T and with the specially adapted v. The mass-loss rate is kept at log (M/(M /yr)) = -4.4 as an arbitrary choice. The results are presented in the form of contour lines in the log T, -log R,-plane. Those of the contours which match the observed equivalent widths or peak intensities are extracted and yield a "fit diagram". We obtain a well-defined intersection region centered about R = 2.6 R, T = 60 kK (hereafter quoted as "model B"). °... 

Dot plot A dot plot is a two-dimensional diagram correlating the intensities of two flow cytometric parameters for each particle. Dot plots suffer, graphically, from black-out in that an area of a display can get no darker than completely black. If the number of particles at a given point is very dense, their visual impact, in comparison with less dense areas, will decrease as greater numbers of particles are displayed. Contour plots display the same kind of correlation as dot plots but, because the levels of the lines can be altered, can provide more visual information about... 

An HH COSY diagram can be shown in perspective as a stacked plot (Fig. 2.10a). Interpretation of this neat, three-dimensional representation, where the signal intensity gives the third dimension, can prove difficult because of distortions in the perspective. The contour plot can be interpreted more easily. This shows the signal intensity at various cross-sections (contour plots, Fig. 2.10b). However the choice of the plane of the cross-section affects the information provided by an HH COSY diagram if the plane of the cross-section is too high then the cross signals which are weak... 

Fig. 11. Newton diagrams and contour maps constructed from data in Fig. 9. Contours represent intensities in LAB system. Estimated positions of peak intensity relative to the CM system are indicated by X. (Reproduced from ref. 103.)...

Fig. 5.16 (a) A schematic diagram of the observed light scattering from a spherulitic polymer film placed between crossed polarisers. The straight lines indicate the directions of polarisation and the closed curves indicate one contour of intensity for each of the four patches of light seen. The crosses indicate the positions of maximum intensity, (b) A photograph of the corresponding pattern for a polyethylene film, ((b) Reproduced by permission of the American Institute of Physics.)... 

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