Intensity as a function of angle

Fig. 5—4. Analysis by the absorption-edge method. The solid lines are photometric measurements of a photograph of the x-ray intensity as a function of angle. The concentration is calculated from the ratio of these lines extrapolated to the absorption edge. Table 5-4 gives some typical results.

Figure 7. Second harmonic intensity as a function of angle of incidence for transversely poled and crosslinked films of triacrylate 7 (o) and 3 wt % 18 in triacrylate 7 ( ).

Fig. 5.1. Second harmonic intensity as a function of angle of rotation for Ag(lll) in 0.25 M NaC104, pH = 5.0 at -0.72 V vs. Ag/AgCl (PZC) with p-polarized 1064nm illumination. Angle of incidence (i//) is 10°. The solid lines are fits to the data generated from the theoretical expressions given in the text (Eqs. (3-11) and (3-13)). (a) p-polarized SH intensity, a/ci3) = 1.2e . (b) s-polarized SH intensity. The constant b<3) is taken to be unity. From Ref. 124.

An electron beam strikes the surface of a single crystal at glancing incidence, and a small fraction of the ions ejected from the surface are collected by a channeltron mounted on a motor-driven, computer-controUed goniometer. The detector can traverse a spherical surface and map out ESD ion intensity as a function of angle. Digital data are displayed in three-dimensional form, and digital background subtraction can be utilized to enhance the appearance of ESDIAD patterns. 

FIGURE 10.8 X-ray diffraction curves the intensity / as a function of angle for totally amorphous polypropylene (shaded area), and for a sample with a 50% crystalline content. 

Small Angle X-Ray Scattering Studies. For polyurethanes, a Kratky camera was used while for polyurethaneureas, SAKS patterns were initially recorded in photographic films and a densitometer was used to scan the intensity as a function of angle. In order to verify that the two techniques provide similar results, one of the polyurethanes (2,4 TDI-BD-PTMO 1000 (2 1 1)) was studied by the photographic method. The densitometer scan of SAKS profile was exactly the same as observed by a Kratky camera. 

Note that any linear polarized beam, with arbitrary polarization direction, can be split into the two special components just highlighted (p and s). How much of the incident light intensity, as a function of angle of incidence, is reflected and refracted for p- and s-polarized light is shown in Figure 10.4b. As before, when normalizing with respect to the incident light intensity Iq, one deals with the reflectivity /f = /r/Zq and the transmittance T = Zx//o, with/ + T = 1 (for hypothetically lossless media). 

Figure 10.41 Dynamic MTV flare radiant intensity as a function of angle at 250 kts [64].

Using the intensity as a function of angle, %, around each diffraction ring, Herman s orientation factor can be determined. Herman s orientation factor (P2) is defined in Equation 8.2 ... 

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