Integrated pest management principles

Kaufmann, John E. (1994). Principles of turfgrass growth and development. In Integrated pest management for turf and ornamentals. A. E. Leslie. Boca Raton, FL Lewis Publishers 91-97, 91. 

USEPA (2009) Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Principles, 10 September 2009 update http //www.epa.gov/opp00001/ factsheets/ipm.htm (last accessed 30 April 2010). 

TABLE 2 Integrated Pest Management (1PM) Principles Proposed for Being Implemented in the Thematic Strategy [31]... 

Pesticides are considered a necessary evil however, it has been estimated that without their use food expenditure for western families would more than double (Zilberman et al. 1991) and, much worse, food shortage would be more acute in many third world countries about 40% crop production would be lost, according to FAO. Pest and pesticide control is probably the sector where a really integrated view of farm management is most required certainly, pest treatments by calendar as largely in use till a few years ago and still in use today here and there are unsustainable. The principles of targeting interventions according to real need as advocated... 

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