Integrated Evaluation of Preventive Pedestrian Protection

1 Design of Virtual Simulation Experiments System Versus Reference 

The virtual experiments are designed to distinguish typical system effects corresponding to a few percent reduction of accidents. Thus, the number of accident events required for this level of precision is typically about 1,600 or more. This number would correspond to a standard deviation of 40 or 2.5 %, so that 5 % effectiveness changes could typically be seen. Higher precision is attainable with more events. 

In the scenario of hazardous pedestrian crossing situations, about 0.2 % of the crossings (SD 0.004 %) result in a collision in the baseline. Hence, about one million crossings are usually simulated to resolve 5 % effects. 

Pedestrian age and body height are further examples of important parameters (Figs. 6.2 and 6.3). The pedestrians in the GIDAS sample are younger and include also ages above 80 (80 is the maximum age for pedestrians in the simulation). Due to 

Helmer, Development of a Methodology for the Evaluation of Active Safety using the Example of Preventive Pedestrian Protection, Springer Theses, 

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A process for the evaluation of active and integral safety has been explained from the concept of a process chain, the description of a simulative method, the development of traffic scenarios, the construction of injury probability models, and the explanation of the whole methodology using the example of preventive pedestrian protection. 

The practical use of the processes and methods for evaluating active and integral safety described in the chapters above have been illustrated and discussed in this chapter. Preventive pedestrian protection was prospectively evaluated using a stochastic simulation of potentially critical traffic situations. The efficacy was compared for different system variations including variation of key system parameters. The application of the injury probability models developed in Chap. 5 as well as the interpretation of the results were explained regarding the definition of an operating point. 

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