Integrated circuits: computer electrical engineering

The transistor was invented in 1947 by John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley, employees of Bell Laboratories. By soldering together boards of transistors, electrical engineers created the first modern computers in the 1960 s. By the 1970 s, integrated circuits were shrinking the size of computers and the purely electrical focus of the field. 

Elizabeth Dirkes Lagnese, Architectural Partitioning for System Level Design of Integrated Circuits, PhD Thesis, Dept of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, March 1989. 

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