Intake, annual limits

In 1959 the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recommended a "maximum permissible concentration of plutonium in water (MPCW) for unlimited public use" of 5x10 5 Ci/m3 ( xlO6 Bq/m3) (64). In 1979 ICRP introduced the concept of ALI ("annual limits of intake"). For 239Pu the value was set at 2xl06 Bq (or 0.9 mg) per year (35). Because man consumes about 0.5 m3 water/year, this ALI value corresponds to 4x106 Bq/m3 potable water. 

ALI—See Annual limit of intake Alkali fluorouranates(V), stabilization... 

Annual limits of intake, Pu concentration in drinking water.290-91... 

The USTUR (1994) model was developed to predict tissue doses and whole-body dose to people who may be exposed to americium. The model has been used to calculate Annual Limits of Intake (ALIs) for 241Am, and yielded similar, but lower limits than those estimated using the ICRP model (1989). 

The model was developed to predict skeletal and soft tissue burdens of americium in people who may be exposed to americium. Comparisons of annual limits on intake derived from the model and the ICRP (1979) model are presented. Descriptions of applications of the model in risk assessment have not been reported. 

The NRC requires that the occupational intake of americium isotopes not exceed certain specified Annual Limits on Intake (ALIs) for the inhalation and oral routes of exposure. For241 Am and 243Am, the oral ingestion ALI is 0.8 JLlCi and the inhalation ALI is 0.006 pCi, both of which are based on the deterministic dose limit to the bone surface (NRC 2000). 

Stradling GN, Stather JW. 1989. The use of animal experiments for assessing annual limits on intake and interpreting chest-monitoring data for workers exposed to industrial actinide-bearing dusts. Health Phys 37(Suppl. l) 221-228. 

International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). 1991b. Annual limits on intake of radionuclides by workers based on the 1990 recommendations. ICRP Publ. 61. Ann. ICRP 21(4) 1-41. 

Annual limit of intake (ALI), 19 701-702 Annual money flows, 9 537-540 Annual reports, in research partnerships, 24 390... 

ALI = Annual Limit of Intake DAC = Derived Air Concentration EPA = Environmental Protection Agency FRC = Federal Radiation Council... 

The Annual Limit of Intake (ALI) for any radionuclide is obtained by dividing the annual average effective dose limit (20 mSv) by the committed effective dose (E) resulting from the intake of 1 Bq of that radionuclide. ALI data for Individual radionuclides are given in ICRP (1991b). 

For the control of internal doses, annual limits of intake (ALI) and derived air concentrations (DAC) have been determined. ALIs and DACs in EPA guidance and the USNRC and DOE regulations are based on the recommendations of the ICRP (ICRP 1979). Values of the ALIs and DACs for uranium isotopes are presented in Table 7-1. These values are for soluble. Class D (Days) material, which has a half-time for clearance from the pulmonary region of the lung of less than 10 days. Values of ALIs and DACs for Class W (Weeks) and Class Y (Years) uranium are available in Appendix B to 10 CFR 20 (USNRC 1993f). 

DOE. 1996c. Annual limits on intake (ALIs) and derived air concentrations (DACs) of radionuclides for occupational exposure effluent concentrations concentrations for release to sewerage. 10CFR20 Appendix B. U. S. Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 

Zhao S, Zhao E-Y. 1990. Nephrotoxic limit and annual limit of intake for natural U. Health Phys... 

Most of the properties mentioned in the previous paragraph are taken into account in the ALI and DAC concept (ALI = Annual Limits of Intake DAC = Derived Air Concentration, based on the ALI value). 1 ALI corresponds to an annual committed equivalent dose of 50 mSv. 

The SITP is a quantity derived from the Annual Limit on Intake (ALI), an internationally accepted concept that has been acknowledged by the Government s Radioactive Waste Management Committee (RWMAC) as a valid method of establishing equivalent hazards of different waste types. The ALI is a derived limit for the permissible amount of radioactive material taken into the body of an adult radiation worker by inhalation or ingestion in a year. The ALI is the smaller value of intake of a given radionuclide in a year by the reference man that would result in either a committed effective dose equivalent of 0.05 Sv or 0.5 Sv to any individual organ or tissue. 

Bronchopulmonary lavage may also be effective for removal of inhaled plutonium, and has been recommended for occupational intakes of insoluble forms exceeding 100 times the annual limit on intake. 

Annual limit on intake (occupational exposure) for inhalation of selected Pu isotopes ... 

Effective Dose Coefficients (e(50)) and Annual Limits on Intake (ALI) for Occupational... 

ACGIH = American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists ADEC = Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation ALI = annual limits on intake BNA = Bureau of National Affairs CFR = Code of Federal Regulations DAC = derived air concentration DEP = Department of Environmental Protection DOE = Department of Energy DOT = Department of Transportation EPA = Environmental Protection Agency ... 

ALI = Annual Limits on Intake AMAD = Activity Median Average Diameters Bq = Bequerels Ci = Curies d = day hr... 

Tc and other isotopes and isomers of technetium are nuclides of medium radio-toxicity [26] licensing limits, annual limits of intake and maximum permitted air concentrations arc compiled in Table 5.4.A. 

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