Intact chemoreceptors

Belli, S. L. Rechnitz, G. A., Prototype potentiometric biosensor using intact chemoreceptor... 

Peterson J I, Goldstein S R, Fitzgerald R V and Buckhold D K 1980 Fiber optic pH probe for physiological use Anal. Chem. 52 864-9 Belli S L and Rechnitz G A 1986 Prototype potentiometric biosensor using intact chemoreceptor structures Anal. Lett. 19 403-16 Taylor R F, Marenchic I G and Cook E J 1987 Receptor-based biosensors US Patent 5 001 048... 

Instead of isolating, stabilizing, and immobilizing chemoreceptors onto electrodes, it is possible to use intact biological sensing structures for determining relevant chemical stimulants (88,89). This novel concept was illustrated with antennule structures of the blue crab. Such structures are part of the crab food-... 

Intact sensing structures (chemoreceptors) from natural sources provide an alternative to binding proteins for a range of small molecules. Crab antennules from the blue crab Calinectes sapidus are sensitive to amino acids and display some selectivity, e.g., the antennules contain a receptor for glutamate which is unresponsive to other amino acids such as glycine, alanine, proline, and taurine (26). Olfactory structures in other species offer selectivity for additional types of molecule which act as pheromones, e.g. the male moth Bombyx mori has specific receptors for the female sex attractant bombykol, and Antherea polyphemus has receptors for E6, Zll-hexadecadienyl acetate and E6, Zll-hexadecadienal. 

Fu XW, Nurse C, Wang YT, Cutz E. Selective modulation of membrane currents by hypoxia in intact airway chemoreceptors fiom neonatal rabbit. J Physiol 1999 ... 

Hellstrom S, Pequignot J-M. Morphometric studies on intact and S3mipathectomised carotid bodies of long-term hypoxic rats a light and electron microscopial study. In Pallet DJ, ed. The Peripheral Arterial Chemoreceptors. London Croom Hehn, 1982 293-301. 

In the intact animal, there are a number of phenomena that are thought to represent either direct or indirect CNS-mediated hypoxic excitation of respiratory ouQ)ut. It has been shown in several species, although not in humans, that there is a full recovery of the ventilatory response to acute hypoxia following peripheral chemodenervation in about 21-90 days (41-46). This does not appear to refleet return of peripheral chemoreceptor function but, rather, a considerable reorganization of the central hypoxia chemoreflex pathways (46). 

As noted above, in the unanesthetized animal, acute systemic hypoxia immediately following chemodenervation or inhalation of carbon monoxide (to produce systemic hypoxia without stimulating arterial chemoreceptors) elicits a tachpneic response. Dillon and Waldrop (47), using whole-cell patch recording in tissue slices, have shown that neurons in the caudal hypothalamus depolarize and increase firing rates when exposed to hypoxia. In addition, direct stimulation of this region in the intact animal elicits tachypnea. They propose that this site is the locus of the tachypneic response to hypoxia in the acutely denervated animal. 

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