Instruments electric susceptibility

Finally, the humid, tropical Johnston Island climate corroded parts of the JACADS building and equipment. For example, exterior steel support beams, pipes, and pipe supports rusted and required frequent repainting, and some pipe supports had to be replaced. Also, corrosion caused significant deterioration of exterior valves, instrumentation, and electrical function boxes. Army officials stated that, because they had underestimated how corrosive the environment would be on Johnston Island, they had not initially used appropriate corrosion protection materials. To correct the corrosion problems, the Army now uses corrosion-resistant paints and fiberglass equipment covers. Also, the Army hired additional maintenance personnel to perform preventive maintenance work on the building areas and equipment most susceptible to corrosion. 

The moisture content can be measured in vitro by means of gravimetry or electron microscopy, or by magnetic resonance techniques in vivo. The resolution of the latter technique is, however, currently not sufficiently high to enable isolated measurements on the stratum corneum. Compared with these techniques, assessment of stratum corneum hydration by means of electrical measurements (susceptance) represents an important reduction in instrumental cost and complexity. 

The most firequent impact of hghtning strikes on nuclear power plants is an increase of the electrical potential of cables, that can propagate to connected systems and impair their function. Particularly susceptible to such impacts are sensitive instrumentation and control (I C) systems. Of utmost importance in this context is the potential of common cause failures affecting more than one redundancy. 

Practical considerations almost always play a role in choosing a near-IR spectrometer, reflecting specific demands that may be placed by a specific application. Among these considerations are size and/or portability speed susceptibility to extreme (e.g. industrial) environments cost measurement type and flexibility (e.g. can the spectrometer be used only for transmittance measurements, or are reflectance and/ or fibre optic measurements feasible ). Manufacturers consider all of these factors. For example, it is common to find commercial instrumentation housed in enclosures that are ruggedized to meet specific industry standards (National Electrical Manufacturers Association - NEMA). 

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