Insecticide group

One of the most successful insecticide groups ever introduced is the synthetic pyrethroids (Figure 3.9) these compounds have been shown to... 

Traditional insecticides were derived from plants. Key amongst them are nicotine and rotenone. Increasing interest is being shown in azadirachtin from the neem tree. The classical natural insecticide pyrethrin is derived from the flowers of Pyrethrum cinerariaefolium, from which the major insecticide group the pyrethroids were derived. 

Review papers by Metcalf (1967) and Casida (1970) drew attention to die vast amount of research aimed at identifying new synergists and evalualing them against compounds across the whole spectrum of the insecticidal groups that were known,... 

Means followed by the same letter within similar insecticide groups are not significantly different according to Duncan s Multiple Range Test (p < 0.1). 

Table 6 Chemical classes included in the fungicides/insecticides groups ...

Pyrethrms are a group of naturally occurring insecticidal substances found in the flowers of vanous plants of the chrysanthemum family The following is the structure of a typical pyrethnn cmerin I (exclusive of stereochemistry)... 

Chlorinated Terpenes. A group of incompletely characterized insecticidal compounds has been produced by the chlorination of the naturally occurring terpenes. Toxaphene [8001-35-2] is prepared by the chlorination of the bicycHc terpene, camphene [79-92-5] to contain 67—69% chlorine and has the empirical formula C QH QClg. The technical product is a yellowish, semicrystalline gum (mp 65—90°C, d 1.64) and is a mixture of 175 polychloro... 

Zinc phosphate, Zn2(P0 2> forms the basis of a group of dental cements. Chromium and zinc phosphates are utilized in some metal-treating appHcations to provide corrosion protection and improved paint adhesion. Cobalt(II) phosphate octahydrate [10294-50-5] Co2(P0 2 8H20, is a lavender-colored substance used as a pigment in certain paints and ceramics. Copper phosphates exhibit bioactivity and are used as insecticides and fungicides. Zinc, lead, and silver phosphates are utilized in the production of specialty glasses. The phosphate salts of heavy metals such as Pb, Cr, and Cu, are extremely water insoluble. 

Halogen Substituents. Halogen functional groups are readily replaced by nucleophiles, eg, hydroxide ion, especially when they ate attached at the a- or y-position of the pyridine ting. This reaction has been exploited in the synthesis of the insecticide chlorpyrifos [2921-88-2J (43) (42), and the insecticide tiiclopyi [55335-06-3] (44) (14,43). 2,3,5,6-Tetiachloiopyiidine [2402-79-1] reacts with caustic to form the hydioxylated material [6515-38-4], which then can be used to form (44) and (43). 

Synthetic pyrethroids is one of the group of modern insecticides of cyclopropancai bonic acid derivate. The pyrethroids prepai ation is the racemic mixture of optical isomers or mixture of cis- or tran.s-isomers. 

Vijayalakshmi Insecticides and Pesticides (India) YiHua Group (China)... 

FMC Agricultural Products Group Godavari Fertilisers and Chemicals (India) Hindustan Insecticides (India)... 

The biochemistry or mode of action of pyrethrum is not as well known as its chemistry. There are several theories of the toxic action of pyrethrum. Lauger et al. (26) consider that a highly effective contact insecticide must possess a toxic component (toxaphore) and must have groups attached which absolutely insure pronounced lipid solubility. They consider in the case of pyrethrins that in the cyclopro-... 

Absorption in this range is less directly related to the sulphoxide group. Haus and coworkers123 determined the insecticide Sulfox-Cide (see the preceding subsection) by measurements at 288 and 254 nm (maximum and minimum, respectively). 

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